Writing-And-Computer-Technology

Writing-And-Computer-Technology

This website and the three primary websites linked to it provides a number of techniques and general information, for creating user-friendly ELECTRONIC DOCUMENTS, such as websites, e‑books, web-based manuscripts and articles, with one or more of the following: Text, Mathematics, Photographs, Diagrams, Artwork, Presentations, Slideshows, Audio, Video, Tutorials, Calculation Devices, and other Software. The information contained in electronic documents of this nature can be reinforced or supplemented with hyperlinks to Internet-based videos, articles, e‑books, software, and other resources. All of this is presented on the four websites listed below:

www.TechForText.com/Writing-And-Computer-Technology

This is the website you are now viewing,

and it is a 25,400 word E‑book on writing

electronic documents, and related concepts

www.TechForText.com/Reinforce-Your-Writing-with-Multimedia

This is a 3400 word E-book on linking to, or embedding,

Videos and software in electronic documents

www.TechForText.com/Electronic-Math-Documents

This is a 19,000 word E-book on creating

electronic documents, with mathematics and text

www.TechForText.com/Interactive-Math

On this website interactive math notation

is demonstrated, along with a short article on

the code used to create the interactive notation

To contact the author (David Alderoty) use this

e‑mail address:David@TechForText.com, or left click

on the link below for a website communication form.

Link for a Website Communication Form

This website is a 25,400 word e-book, and it was primarily written for web developers, computer programmers, or any individual that creates websites, e-books, Presentations, Multimedia, Computer software, or any electronic format that contains text and/or mathematics. The book might also be useful for students, and it is provided free of charge on this website.

This e-book is on one long webpage. Thus, you can scroll down or up with the arrow keys or the mouse to go from one section of the book to another. Alternatively, you can use the hyperlinked table of contents of this e-book, by left clicking on a chapter, section, or subsection that you want to read. The hyperlinked table of contents is on the bottom of the webpage.

If you want to go directly to the hyperlink Table of Contents, left click on these words.

Chapter 1) Writing and the Electronic Format, and Related Concepts

Chapter 1) Writing and the

Electronic Format, and Related Concepts

Section 1) A Writing Methodology For The Electronic Format, Wich Was Used To Create This E-Book

Section 1) A Writing Methodology For The

Electronic Format, Wich Was Used To Create This E-Book

I created this e-book, with a unique user-friendly style that overcomes much of the limitations of written language. This involved a set of design concepts and techniques for the electronic format, that I devised or discovered over the last 10 years, which I call the HYPERLINK WRITING METHODOLOGY. I discuss concepts from this methodology throughout this e-book, along with other techniques and principles. The following description of this e‑book, underlined with red type, provide the primary features of this Methodology.

This e-book is written in a user-friendly style, with large fonts and short paragraphs, and it contains five chapters, a number of sections, and subsections. Each section is written more or less as an independent article, and each section will be comprehensible even if you read them out of sequence. To achieve the above, it was necessary to present some of the background material in more than one section, when it was needed to understand the concepts and explanations in multiple sections. (The reason for the above is many people that read material on websites tend to read through the headings, and focus on the section they are interested in, as opposed to reading a book from cover to cover.)

The chapters, sections, and subsections in this e-book each have their own URL, and are listed in a hyperlink table of contents, which is located on the bottom of this webpage. However, you can also navigate this website by scrolling up or down, because it is on one long webpage. This design concept reduces or eliminates the need for pull-down menus and links to go from one section to another. This simplifies the process of navigating and using a website, and it is likely to save time and effort for users.

Most of the sections in this e-book are relatively short, and I often supplement the material presented in a section, with Internet hyperlinks for additional information and resources from other authors, and corporate entities. This includes links to websites with INSTRUCTIONAL VIDEOS, articles, e‑books, and software, which is obtainable within a few seconds, by clicking with the mouse. Some of the hyperlinks will also open my websites or other electronic documents I created, which I use as examples throughout this book.

As a result of the hyperlinks to multiple sources, this e‑book provides THOUSANDS OF PAGES of information on the electronic format, created by many authors. Much of this material, especially the instructional videos, are helpful in circumventing the limitations of written language. However, this website provides more than information; it also provides links to obtain various types of resources through the Internet, such as the software needed to create electronic documents. Most of this software is free open-source software, which is obtained by clicking on a link from this e-book to open a website with download links.

I do not provide step-by-step instructions in this e-book, on how to use software to create electronic documents, because this material is widely available, and it would require hundreds of pages of additional writing. However, I provide Internet hyperlinks to articles, e‑books, and instructional videos, created by other authors. Much of this material include step-by-step instructions for the software used to create electronic documents.

About the hyperlinks

About the hyperlinks: All of the hyperlinks in this e-book are displayed in blue, on most computers, and when you left click on them with the mouse one of the following will happen: a website will open, a video will start, or you will be transferred to a different location in this e-book. Most of the hyperlinks to Internet resources and information from other authors are displayed in the form of words obtained from the relevant website, with the URL written in small type under the wording. See the following examples:

Words on website: Hyperlinks and URLs

http://wiki.services.openoffice.org/wiki/Documentation/OOo3_User_Guides/Calc_Guide/Hyperlinks_and_URLs

Words on video: How to Create a Hyperlink in MS Word?

http://WWwww.youtube.com/watch?v=KIyy4WpOlSA

Search phrase (with www.AOL.com) The best free HTML editors

http://search.aol.com/aol/search?enabled_terms=&s_it=comsearch51&q=The+best+free+HTML+editors

Hyperlinks that relate to my work are all highlighted in yellow, such as the following

Hyperlinks that relate to my work are all highlighted in yellow, such as the following: www.TechForText.com. In addition, all of my work is on one of the following domains, or related subdomains: TechForText.com, Tech‑For‑Text.com, and David100.com. Some of my work is also on BetterAndBetterBusiness.com, and its related subdomains, as well as Mysite.verizon.net/vze7hyuc. (NOTE, I rent 150 GB of commercial server space, by the year, with the domains TechForText.com, Tech‑For‑Text.com, and David100.com. BetterAndBetterBusiness.com belongs to a friend that I assisted with my services. Mysite.verizon.net/vze7hyuc is on web space provided with my Verizon DSL account.)

Additional Information In Regard To the Above, From Other Authors

Additional Information In Regard

To the Above, From Other Authors

If you want more information about the above see the following websites and videos from other authors, by left clicking on the blue links, presented below. If a link fails, enter the blue words into Google’s search engine, www.Google.com. If the link that failed is for a video use www.Video.Google.com.

When you left click on a link for a video, a web page will open, which usually has a large number of high-quality videos that are related to the words on the hyperlink you clicked on. However, when you click on the link it will usually start only one video automatically, which may take a few seconds. If the video does not start automatically, left click on the link provided by the author of the video. This link is usually in the center of the screen.

Words on website: List of free and open source software packages

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_free_and_open_source_software_packages

Words on website: The Free Software Definition

www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html

Words on website: Hyperlinks and URLs

http://wiki.services.openoffice.org/wiki/Documentation/OOo3_User_Guides/Calc_Guide/Hyperlinks_and_URLs

Words on website: In computing, a hyperlink

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperlink

Words on website: A hyperlink is a word, phrase, or image that you can click on

www.techterms.com/definition/hyperlink

Words on video: How to add a hyperlink to Word 2007 documents

http://youtu.be/G6awy12sTGw

Words on video: How to Create a Hyperlink in MS Word?

www.youtube.com/watch?v=KIyy4WpOlSA

Words on video: HTML Code for Hyperlink, Link in New Window and Hyperlink Definition

www.whatmakesblog.com/2009/07/make-link.html

Words on video: Word 2010: Hyperlinks

www.youtube.com/watch?v=GNHGWQ6_Uoc

Words on website: How to create absolute hyperlinks and relative hyperlinks in Word documents

http://support.microsoft.com/kb/903163

Words on video: Using Absolute and Relative Hyperlinks

http://youtu.be/v3Um3wA-AEM

The following are search pages, which contain links to a large number of websites, with additional information and/or resources. If you do not obtain the information or resources you want, try modifying the search phrase DIRECTLY IN THE SEARCH ENGINE. Left click on the blue words, and the search page will open. If the link fails, enter the search phrase in the relevant search engine. Note, if you click on the blue words you will obtain search pages, but if you click on the URL a search engine will open, without search pages.

Search phrase (with www.AOL.com ) Definition and history of hyperlinks

http://search.aol.com/aol/search?enabled_terms=&s_it=comsearch50&q=Definition+and+history+of+hyperlinks

Search phrase (with www.AOL.com ) Open source software

http://search.aol.com/aol/search?enabled_terms=&s_it=comsearch51&q=Open+source+software

Search phrase (with www.Bing.com ) Open source word processors

www.bing.com/search?q=Open+source+word+process

Search phrase (with www.Google.com) Relative hyperlinks

www.google.com/#hl=en&cp=19&gs_id=5&xhr=t&q=Relative+hyperlinks&pf=p&sclient=psy-ab&site=&source=hp&pbx=1&oq=Relative+hyperlinks&aq=0&aqi=g4&aql=&gs_sm=&gs_upl=&fp=1&biw=1463&bih=671&bav=on.2,or.r_gc.r_pw.r_qf.,cf.osb&cad=b

Search phrase (with www.Google.com) Absolute hyperlinks

www.google.com/#q=Absolute%20hyperlinks&hl=en&tbas=0&source=lnt&sa=X&ei=Hrf2TqTfMqjr0gH_1-CtAg&ved=0CBYQpwUoAA&fp=1&biw=1463&bih=671&bav=on.2,or.r_gc.r_pw.r_qf.,cf.osb&cad=b

Search phrase (with www.AOL.com:) Free software for sketching and drawing

http://search.aol.com/aol/search?enabled_terms=&s_it=comsearch51&q=Free+software+for+sketching+and+drawing

Search phrase (with www.yahoo.com) The best free HTML editors

http://search.yahoo.com/search;_ylt=A2KLtd5vAldPTJkA9WibvZx4?p=The+best+free+HTML+editors&toggle=1&cop=mss&ei=UTF-8&fr=yfp-t-701

Search phrase (with www.ASK.com) What is the best open source software

http://WWwww.ask.com/web?q=What+is+the+best+open+source+software&search=&qsrc=0&o=0&l=dir

Search phrase (with www.Bing.com ) Tutorials for creating websites

http://WWwww.bing.com/search?q=Tutorials+for+creating+websites&qs=n&form=QBLH&pq=tutorials+for+creating+websites&sc=2-31&sp=-1&sk=

Search phrase (with WWwww.Bing.com ) Open source CAD software

http://WWwww.bing.com/search?q=%22Open+source+CAD+software%22&go=&qs=ns&form=QBREH

Section 2) Aesthetic Forms and Variations of Electronic Documents, and Related Concepts

Section 2) Aesthetic Forms and Variations of

Electronic Documents, and Related Concepts

There are essentially a limitless number of configurations and styles that can be used to display text in the electronic format, because electronic documents do not have the limitations of hardcopy. That is the computer, and modern word processor software, and HTML editors used to create electronic documents provide an extreme level of versatility. This can include backgrounds and headings of various colors, as well as inserted diagrams, photographs, equations, slideshows, interactive computer software, and videos. The electronic format provides the functionality for creating multimedia documents, with interactive capabilities, such as the following website:

www.TechForText.com/Reinforce-Your-Writing-with-Multimedia This website has 20 embedded YouTube videos, and three JavaScript interactive devices that perform calculations, and 3400 words a text. The videos and the text provide instruction that is useful for creating multimedia documents.

Thus, with the electronic format you can display information in almost a limitless number of layouts and styles, including multimedia. This provides the utility of optimizing the document for a specific situation, such as to satisfy publisher requirements, or to meet the precise needs of the potential or actual readers of your work.

Scientific journals, as well as college and graduate school instructors often have specific style requirements. Some of these style requirements may preclude multimedia, and interactivity, and unusual aesthetic concepts, even if the work is to be displayed on a website. This applies especially to some of the unconventional aesthetic formats that can be created with modern software. This versatility is useful in situations where you are not restricted by conventional style requirements.

There are some advantages to the simplest styles, even when you have the freedom to be creative. Creating a complex document, with graphics, multimedia, and interactive software can be time-consuming, especially if you are not experienced with the above.

If you are not interested in the complexities discussed in this E-book, and you only want to present academic material, or general-purpose articles on the Internet do the following

If you are not interested in the complexities discussed in this E-book, and you only want to present academic material, or general-purpose articles on the Internet do the following:

1) Use Microsoft Word to create your document: When you complete your work save a copy in HTML filtered format, which removes computer code that is not needed for a completed webpage. Alternatively, you can save it in a PDF format if you have Microsoft Word 2010, or other software to make the conversion to PDF. Always save a copy of your Microsoft Word document in the conventional Word format, so you can easily modify your document at a later point in time.

2) If your document contains mathematics use Microsoft Word 2010: Word 2010 has a new type of equation editor, which is superior to the old equation editor bundled with the earlier versions of Word. (The old equation editor is also available in Word 2010.) In addition, Microsoft Word 2010, with its new equation editor, can actually perform complex mathematical calculations, with a special download from Microsoft. The download is free, and it provides the functionality needed to solve algebra, calculus, and trigonometry problems. It also provides the functionality needed to automatically graph equations in two or three dimensional coordinates.

3) Avoid borders, frames, text boxes, and tables unless they are truly necessary: This is because they often cause problems when the document is converted to HTML or PDF. Some browsers may display the above in aesthetically displeasing or dysfunctional configurations.

4) Avoid unnecessary graphics, such as drawings, sketches, and photographs: This is because graphics have a tendency to move out of place when a document is converted to HTML or PDF. This can involve time-consuming adjustments, which may not be feasible if you are NOT already skilled with this technology. However, keep in mind that graphics are sometimes essential, and they should certainly be used when necessary. Providing ample space for a graphic often eliminates or minimizes the problems discussed above.

5) Avoid embedding videos, or software into your document: This is because it requires a considerable degree of complexity, involving computer code, and an HTML editor. If you do not know where to insert the code, and how to obtain or write the code required for embedding, this task cannot be performed. A good alternative is to hyperlink to videos and/or software on the Internet. (If you want to learn how to embed videos and software see my e-book at: www.TechForText.com/Reinforce-Your-Writing-with-Multimedia. The material in this e-book assumes that you have some very basic familiarity with HTML code.)

6) Avoid unnecessary complexity, such as complex layouts, unusual formatting, or anything else that is likely to cause problems when you convert to HTML: This is because certain configurations or formatting might not be supported by some or all Internet browsers. Often, unusual formatting or layouts results in problems as soon as a Microsoft Word document is converted to HTML.

7) Don’t use fancy fonts: Arial, and Verdana are probably the ideal for most academic material and articles presented in the electronic format.

8) When creating documents in HTML, you should use fonts that are significantly larger than you would use for hardcopy: The ideal size in my opinion ranges from 16 pt. to 24 pt. I often use Verdana 18 pt.

9) Use align spacing that is greater than one: A good line spacing for electronic documents is 1.5

10) Use simple headings that will convey to the reader relevant information about the material under the heading: Avoid headings that are likely to be perceived as inaccurate or confusing to the reader. Avoid fancy forms or complex layouts for headings, because this will be unnecessarily time-consuming, and the headings may look unattractive when the document is converted to HTML.

11) If your document as more than 1500 words, or has more than 10 or 15 headings, you should list the headings in a table of contents: This should ideally involve a hyperlinked table of contents generated with Microsoft words built-in functions. However, this increases the complexity of your document, which requires additional time and effort, if you do not have experience in using the required functions. For this reason, you should not use a table of contents unless it is truly necessary.

12) If you do not know how to use the footnote and endnote functions in Microsoft Word, you can list notes manually, which often produces a better electronic document: However, Microsoft Word footnotes and endnotes are compatible with HTML webpages.

13) Make paragraphs shorter than you would for conventional hardcopy writing: I usually make paragraphs much shorter and simpler, when I write for the electronic format.

14) While writing your document, you should save your work every few minutes, by pressing the S key while holding down the Ctrl key: (These keystrokes apply to Microsoft Windows; other operating systems may have a different set of keystrokes to save your document.) It is not uncommon for people to occasionally lose the work they wrote, as a result of malfunctions or human errors. Saving your document each time you make a change to it, or saving it every few minutes, can prevent or minimize this problem.

15) Always create backup copies of your work, which should be placed on a CD, DVD, flash drive, an external hard drive, and/or on FTP Internet storage facility. This is because problems with computers or software are common. Hard drives always fail sooner or later, which can result in losing work that required many weeks of effort. You should never store important documents on the main hard drive of a computer, unless you have reliable backup copies. You should ideally have backup copies in at least two physical locations. All of this applies to work that is in progress as well as completed work.

Section 3) Writing Electronic Documents, That Are Easy to Read, and Understand

Section 3) Writing Electronic Documents,

That Are Easy to Read, and Understand

What is the best design and layout for electronic documents? Is there an ideal design or style for electronic documents? In this regard, writers including students, often focus on a specific style, for laying out the text and graphics. Similarly they may devise the wording in their documents based on a specific style. For example, technical and scientific documents are often written in the passive voice, with little or no color, and with a minimum of graphics. This might also be coupled with small fonts, and technical jargon that confuses a significant percentage of the readers. However, there is nothing wrong with technical jargon, or the passive voice, providing it does not confuse the readers, and does not make the text unnecessarily difficult to comprehend. The ideal layout of text and wording, should make the text easy to understand, and easy to read without eye strain.

In general, creating documents based on a specific style can result in text that is less than optimal, from the point of view of the reader. Styles can interfere with readability and comprehension, but in many cases they can have the opposite effect. Specifically, certain ideas can be explained most effectively in the passive voice, but in many situations the active voice is the most effective way of presenting information. Sometimes, the best way to explain certain ideas, especially instructions, is to use the word you. Sometimes ideas can be explained most efficiently with unconventional wording, or even slang language. When a style prohibits any of the above, the resulting document might be more difficult to comprehend, than it would be without the restrictions.

The concept presented above, also applies to styles that are involve with the structure and layout of a document. For example, it is sometimes best to present certain types of information in the form of a list, but usually, it is best to use a conventional paragraph structure. Sometimes the most effective way of presenting information is to use an unconventional layout, such as a hybrid between a list and conventional paragraph structure. Sometimes, it is best to present certain ideas, in italics or bold type. It is often best to present very important information, such as warnings that relate to safety, in extra-large wording. Sometimes, it is useful to use red or highlighted type, for ideas that maybe overlooked or ignored by the reader. When a style prohibits any of the above, the resulting document may be less than optimal, from the perspective of conveying information to the reader.

However, in many situations specific styles are required by publishers, employers, clients, and instructors, which are based on customs or traditions, and NOT on maximizing readability of the document. When this is not the case, the best strategy is to focus on optimizing the readability and overall quality of the document, which is the primary focus of this section. This generally involves clearly written text, and/or mathematics, with relatively large fonts, with an overall layout that is orderly and aesthetically pleasing.

IDEALLY, experimental evaluations comparing several documents written with different wording, layouts, and styles, should be carried out, with a representative sample of the readers, to determine what is the best layout and structure to use for a specific document. The evaluations should be focused on determining the AVERAGE TIME that it takes readers to comprehend the same information presented with different wording, layouts and styles. This is especially important if you are creating electronic documents for students.

The above is an ideal that is usually NOT feasible, but it sometimes can be carried out in a simpler and less formal way. This can involve asking friends, colleagues, or students to evaluate or compare two or more documents that present the same information, with different wording and styles. When this is done, it is necessary to emphasize that the goal is to determine which document requires less time and/or effort to read and comprehend.

Even the simpler method described above may not be feasible, if you are writing documents or e‑books for an unknown group of readers. This situation is encountered when you are writing for mass publication, especially if it involves the Internet. In such a case, the best strategy is to put yourself in place of your readers. That is while you are writing your document, periodically stop and evaluate your work, by imagining the *difficulties that a less than ideal reader will encounter, with the material you wrote. Then try to modify or improve the text to prevent the difficulties from occurring.

*Keep in mind the difficulties that I am talking about are relative to the potential readers of a document. Difficulties of this nature cannot be identified with a computerized grammar and style checker, and even a professional editor, with years of experience, may not be able to spot these problems, unless he or she was familiar with your readers. However, asking yourself the following 15 questions, while keeping the less than ideal reader in mind, can help you spot and eliminate most, if not all of the difficulties and potential problems in your document.

1) What are all the possible ways that this text can be misunderstood, and what modifications can I make to prevent these problems? This is a general question, which I usually keep in mind, when I am writing. I found it useful in spotting potential problems, which I eliminate, usually by rewording the text, or by providing additional explanations.

2) Will examples make it easier for the readers to understand the material I am presenting? Examples can often eliminate confusion or ambiguity, especially when explaining how to solve a math problem, or how to apply a theory or technique. Using examples is especially important if you are writing for students.

3) Can I break up the information that I want to write about, into a series of smaller units of information, and place each unit in separate paragraphs, or under separate headings or subheadings? This is a very important technique, for improving and simplifying writing. The idea here is to break up the information you are presenting into units that can fit into one paragraph when possible. When more than one paragraph is required for each unit of information, it might be best to provide a heading or subheading for all of the relevant text.

NOTE: When this technique is used, you must check your writing to be certain that you are connecting the small units of information into the larger concept or idea that you want to present to your readers. When this technique is used poorly, readers may understand the individual units of information, but they may not comprehend the connection between individual units, and the main idea that you are trying to convey.

4) Can I break up this information into a series of steps? This is similar to the above, but steps usually represent information that can be expressed in a few words, or in one sentence. Presenting instructions in a series of steps is especially useful for computer instruction, and to show how to solve math problems. In addition, logical concepts, and cause and effect dynamics, can usually be explained well with a series of steps.

5) When you are creating documents that are very lengthy, such as E-BOOKS, ask yourself can the readers locate and understand specific sections of this document, without reading all of the material. The above can be achieved by breaking up the information you want to present into chapters, and/or sections, with headings. The headings must be worded to clearly indicate the information that is provided under each heading. The information under each heading ideally should be more or less written as an independent article. All of the headings should be listed in a hyperlinked table of contents.

6) Are the sketches, diagrams, mathematical notation clear, or are they confusing? It is best to avoid any graphics or mathematical notation that might result in confusion, especially if you are writing for students.

7) Will explanations increase the comprehensibility of some of the concepts, principles, or mathematics that I have in my document? Using examples is a very effective way of clarifying concepts, principles, mathematics, and instructions. Examples are useful for almost any type of writing, but it is especially important if you are writing for students.

8) Will videos, sound recordings, or animations, make this document easier to understand? There are limitations associated with written language. Attempting to explain anything with many complex visual components with only text might result in confusion for some or most of your readers. The same applies to complex sounds such as music. With the electronic format, it is easy to link portions of your text to videos and/or sound recordings, which circumvents the limitation of written language. It is generally unnecessary to create your own videos, or sound recordings, both of which can be extremely time consuming. Linking to videos or recordings created by other authors through the Internet solves these problems. It is usually relatively easy to find one or more videos or recordings that are useful for reinforcing almost any type of material, with an Internet search, with one or more of the following: www.YouTube.com, www.Video.Google.com. Conventional search engines such as www.Google.com, or www.Being.com can also be of value, especially if you are looking for Music or other types of sound recording.

9) Are my statements understandable and believable, or would visual and/or experiential examples help in this regard. Discussing certain types of factual material in written language can sometimes be difficult to explain in an understandable and believable way. This problem is likely to be encountered if you are presenting factual information that the reader does not expect, or phenomena that that the reader has never experienced before. A simple example is explaining the size and weight of a whale in written language to students that do not know anything about whales. With this example, inserting photographs and/or videos into your document of a whale alongside people would make the information more believable.

10) What is the best font size for this document? When creating electronic documents, especially for the Internet, keep in mind that there are a great variation in screen sizes and screen resolution settings that are commonly used. For example, fonts which appear relatively large on a screen with 1024 X 768, maybe difficult to see if viewed on a screen with a resolution setting of 1600 X 900. In addition, some people place their computer screen 4 feet from their eyes, and there are also many individuals with poor eyesight. It is usually best to use fonts that are significantly larger than you would use for hardcopy, if you are HTML webpages. Fonts that are a little larger than the ideal, are better than points that are a little smaller than the ideal.

11) Are my sentences and paragraphs the optimum size? For the electronic format, especially for the Internet, it is usually best to keep the sentences and paragraphs as short as feasible. It is probably best to make paragraphs in the electronic format MUCH shorter than you would for hardcopy, especially if you are going to display your work on a website.

12 ) Are there any questions that you can add to this list that will help you with the type of writing you do? You should add your own questions to this list. You should create questions that will remind you to check and correct various aspects of your writing that relate to your specific needs. This can include modifying or rewording the questions presented above, so that they meet your specific needs.

Section 4) Free Resources, And Choosing Software for Writing Electronic Documents

Section 4) Free Resources, And Choosing

Software for Writing Electronic Documents

I started this e‑book with Microsoft Word 2010, but there was a bug in Word with its hyperlink functionality, so I did some of the work with free open source software, called OpenOffice.org Write. This software is provided in a free software package, which also includes software for spreadsheets, presentations, and databases. The OpenOffice.org software package is available for Windows, Macintosh, and Linux, by way of free download, from the following website. If you want this software, left click on the Blue URL, below:

www.OpenOffice.org

There is a modification of the OpenOffice software package, available from an organization called the Free Document Foundation. They call their slightly modified version of OpenOffice, LibreOffice, which also includes software for spreadsheets, presentations and databases. I use both OpenOffice and LibreOffice when creating this e-book, and they both worked quite well. If you want the LibreOffice software package, it is provided free of charge, by way of download, from the website listed below, for Windows, Macintosh, and Linux. If you want this software, left click on the following blue URL:

www.LibreOffice.org

Incidentally, both of the above software packages (OpenOffice and LibreOffice) can open Microsoft Word documents, Excel spreadsheets, and PowerPoint presentations. They have a few features that are NOT present in the Microsoft Office suite. For example, you can create presentations in the Flash format, using an export and conversion function available in the OpenOffice and LibreOffice presentation software. You can even convert conventional PowerPoint presentation to Flash with this software.

Both OpenOffice and LibreOffice are relatively easy to use, and if you are familiar with Microsoft Word 2003, you will have no difficulty using this software. However, this software has a huge number of features, similar to Microsoft Office 2003. Thus, if you want additional information on OpenOffice and LibreOffice see the instructional videos from other authors, at the end of the next paragraph.

Each of the following Internet links will open a webpage, with one or more high quality videos on OpenOffice and LibreOffice. If a link fails, enter the blue words into a video search engine, such as www.Video.Google.com (Note, OpenOffice and LibreOffice are essentially identical, except for a few minor variations. Thus almost any video on OpenOffice will be useful for mastering LibreOffice, and vice a versa.

Words on video: OpenOffice Tutorial

www.youtube.com/watch?v=8a3Ku4MCHHg

Words on video:Open Office Training

www.youtube.com/watch?v=yLHDoTzjt6U

Words on video: How To Use Open Office To Create PDF-Files

www.youtube.com/watch?v=VE9jdA5T9SM

Words on video: open office calc

www.youtube.com/watch?v=fT7KdzwAnr4

Words on video: OpenOffice.org Suite Review

www.youtube.com/watch?v=pwN2BiAWGXU&feature=related

Words on video: OpenOffice.org 3 Video Tour

www.youtube.com/watch?v=0aY7sCVZ25A

Words on video: How to make a Gantt Chart in OpenOffice Spreadsheet

www.youtube.com/watch?v=-QGC8_W5N8s

Words on video: Using Base by OpenOffice.org

WWwww.youtube.com/watch?v=BBichNGGXvQ

You can obtain everything you need to create electronic documents for free

You can obtain everything you need to create electronic documents for free: You can create almost any type of high quality electronic document, with the free OpenOffice or LibreOffice, software packages, in a number of file formats, including PDF, DOC, RTF, and HTML. You can also create presentations, spreadsheets, sketches, and complex artwork with this software. You can even create entire websites or e-books with this software, with hyperlinks, and almost any feature that you commonly see on a website. Thus, you can obtain everything you need to create electronic documents free of charge.

However, you may need additional software, such as a HTML editor, if you want to insert videos or sound recordings into your HTML webpages, but this software is also available without charge, from a number of websites. One of the free HTML editors that I have been using is Seamonkey, which is a high-quality and versatile HTML editor. Seamonkey has a very useful function called: What You See Is What You Get. You can download this HTML editor from www.seamonkey-project.org There are many other free HTML editors with similar features, including the following:

Amaya HTML editor from: www.w3.org/Amaya also see www.w3.org/Amaya/User/BinDist.html

PageBreeze HTML editor, from: www.pagebreeze.com

KompoZer HTML editor, from: http://kompozer.net

BlueGriffon HTML editor, from: http://bluegriffon.org/ also see http://bluegriffon.org/pages/Download

There are many free HTML editors available beside the above. This will become obvious if you carry out your own Internet searches, or if you see the following articles:

Words on website: The most powerful and free HTML editors

www.buildwebsite4u.com/resources/html-editors.shtml

Words on website: “The 10 Best Free Web Editors for Windows Free HTML Editors for Windows” http://webdesign.about.com/od/windowshtmleditors/tp/free-windows-editors.htm

Words on website: Best FREE WYSIWYG HTML Editors

www.testking.com/techking/roundups/best-free-wysiwyg-html-editors

How to choose and/or purchase the software that is best for your needs

How to choose and/or purchase the software that is best for your needs: At the end of this section, and throughout this book there are links to many software devices that are useful for working with the electronic format. This includes free HTML editors, word processor software, computer programs for sketching, drawings, and graphic design. There are many free software devices available that are of high quality and relatively easy to use, but just the opposite is also the case. Some of the free software I encountered is extremely time-consuming and difficult to use. In such a case, it is best to search for more efficient software, and in some cases it is better to buy some of the software you need.

The length of time required to complete the same task, with two computer programs is often the best way to choose between similar software devices, if they are free or not. However, expensive software is not necessarily better than free open-source software, especially if a large corporation is involved with the production of the free software.

When I am shopping for new software, I usually start with Internet searches for free software, and I often evaluate several free software packages. My evaluations are usually focused on efficiency, features, and quality of the output of the software. If I do not find the software I need, I search for software that is available for a free evaluation period, which is usually 30 days. If I find what I need, I purchase the software after I have evaluated it for at least a week.

I usually do not buy any software that I cannot evaluate for at least a week before purchase. This is a good strategy for anyone, because a specific software package may be excessively inefficient or difficult to use, for your working style and objectives. Some software packages require at least one year of training before they can be used efficiently, effectively and creatively. You may find that you can perform the tasks you want with a simple less expensive software package that requires an hour or two of practice, instead of a year of training.

With most purchases, including computers, if you are not sure of what to buy, you will probably be better off purchasing the more expensive high-quality item, especially if it is manufactured by a large well-known company, with the good reputation. This strategy certainly does NOT work with software, which should be obvious from the above. More expensive software usually has more features, which are usually not organized and labeled optimally. As a result of this, it can be difficult to find the features you need, and it can also be difficult to determine what each feature does. Often, features are labeled with icons, and/or with two or three words. This appears to be a result of deficiencies in design, and not an inherent property of the number of features, and the level of sophistication of a software package.

The software package that I found most useful is Microsoft office Suite 2010, which cost me approximately $500 for the professional version. If you do not create documents with mathematics, and if you do not need a grammar checker, you might do just as well with the free OpenOffice software package. However, if you create documents with mathematical notation, or if you plan to work in an environment where Microsoft Word or Excel is used, you will probably do better with the $500 deal from Microsoft. There are cheaper versions of this software, such as the home edition and the student edition. The home edition does not have some of the items that the professional edition has, such as Microsoft Access, Outlook and Publisher. The student edition has a number of license restrictions, and you must be a student registered in a school to purchase it.

For most electronic documents, the above software is all that you need, but if you create very complex documents in electronic format, you will need additional software, which can include HTML editors, Flash software, specialized mathematics software, etc. I use a large number of software packages, because many of the documents I create are highly complex, and contain embedded computer programs, and thousands of words a text and graphics. These software packages are briefly described throughout this e-book, and an e-book on electronic math documents, located at www.TechForText.com/Electronic-Math-Documents If you create electronic documents with mathematics, you should see the above website, which is a 19,000 word e-book.

Additional Information In Regard To the Above, From Other Authors

Additional Information In Regard

To the Above, From Other Authors

Words on website: The Free and Open Productivity Suite

www.openoffice.org

Words on website: Open Source CAD Software

http://ezinearticles.com/?Open-Source-CAD-Software&id=408192

Words on website: Three free alternatives to Word

http://onsoftware.en.softonic.com/three-free-alternatives-to-word

Words on website: Very Good Freeware Programs

www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html

Words on website: 3D modeling for everyone

http://sketchup.google.com

Words on website: Creo Sketch: Free Sketching Software for Concept Design

http://creo.ptc.com/2011/08/03/creo-sketch-free-sketching-software-for-concept-design

Words on website: Open Office Database Tutorials

http://sheepdogguides.com/fdb/fdb1main.htm

Words on website: How to Use Templates in OpenOffice

www.answers.com/topic/openoffice-org

Search phrase (with www.AOL.com) Open source software

http://search.aol.com/aol/search?enabled_terms=&s_it=comsearch51&q=Open+source+software

Search phrase (with www.yahoo.com) “Open source CAD software”

http://search.yahoo.com/search;_ylt=Akdnslk_WhKcqxDnD_mDBIubvZx4?p=%E2%80%9COpen+source+CAD+software%E2%80%9D&toggle=1&cop=mss&ei=UTF-8&fr=yfp-t-701

Search phrase (with www.Bing.com ) Open source word processors

www.bing.com/search?q=Open+source+word+processors&go=&qs=ns&form=QBRE

Search phrase (with www.Bing.com ) "Open source CAD software"

www.bing.com/search?q=%22Open+source+CAD+software%22&go=&qs=ns&form=QBREH

Search phrase (with www.AOL.com:) Free software for sketching and drawing

http://search.aol.com/aol/search?enabled_terms=&s_it=comsearch51&q=Free+software+for+sketching+and+drawing

Search phrase (with www.yahoo.com) The best free HTML editors

http://search.yahoo.com/search;_ylt=A2KLtd5vAldPTJkA9WibvZx4?p=The+best+free+HTML+editors&toggle=1&cop=mss&ei=UTF-8&fr=yfp-t-701

Search phrase (with www.ASK.com) What is the best open source software

www.ask.com/web?q=What+is+the+best+open+source+software&search=&qsrc=0&o=0&l=dir

Search phrase (with WWwww.Bing.com ) Tutorials for creating websites

www.bing.com/search?q=Tutorials+for+creating+websites&qs=n&form=QBLH&pq=tutorials+for+creating+websites&sc=2-31&sp=-1&sk

Search phrase (with WWwww.Bing.com ) “Open source CAD software”

www.bing.com/search?q=%22Open+source+CAD+software%22&go=&qs=ns&form=QBREH

Video Search phrase (with http://blekko.com ) Tutorials for OpenOffice

http://blekko.com/ws/Tutorials+for+OpenOffice

Video Search phrase(with WWwww.videosurf.com) Creating websites

www.videosurf.com/videos/Creating+websites

Video Search phrase (with WWwww.youtube.com) Creating a simple website

www.youtube.com/results?search_query=Creating+a+simple+website&oq=Creating+a+simple+website&aq=f&aqi=g1&aql=&gs_sm=3&gs_upl=1086l1086l0l3357l1l1l0l0l0l0l77l77l1l1l0

Video Search phrase (withwww.youtube.com) Tutorials for OpenOffice Write

www.youtube.com/results?search_query=Tutorials+for+OpenOffice+Write&oq=Tutorials+for+OpenOffice+Write&aq=f&aqi=q-w1&aql=&gs_sm=3&gs_upl=2403l2403l0l3191l1l1l0l0l0l0l70l70l1l1l0

Video Search phrase (with www.youtube.com) Tutorials for Microsoft Word

www.youtube.com/results?search_query=Tutorials+for+Microsoft+Word&oq=Tutorials+for+Microsoft+Word&aq=f&aqi=&aql=&gs_l=youtube.3...4539l6213l0l8528l1l1l0l0l0l0l68l68l1l1l0.

Chapter 2) Definitions of: Electronic Format, Websites, and the Internet, with Related Concepts

Chapter 2) Definitions of: Electronic Format,

Websites, and the Internet, with Related Concepts

Section 5) What is the Electronic Format, and Related Concepts

Section 5) What is the Electronic

Format and Related Concepts

Based on the way the terminology is used on this website, the electronic format are various types of documents that are created for viewing on an electronic screen, and there are also called electronic documents. When there is a file that contains many related documents or pages, it is often called an e-book.

At the simplest level electronic documents may contain only text, but at a more advanced level they can contain mathematics, drawings, photographs, sound recordings, computer programs, slideshows, videos, and links to other electronic documents. Most electronic documents can be printed, but the functionality that is underlined above, cannot be retained in hard-copy. Websites created in HTML are one of the most common types of electronic documents. However electronic documents can be created in any file format that can be viewed on an electronic device, such as PDF, XML, .PPT, .PPTX, .ODP .DOC, .DOCX, .ODT, .XMCD, etc.

The electronic format is a very general term, and it relates to a large number of fields and occupations that involve electronic documents. This includes graphic designers, web designers, and technical writers that present their work in the electronic format. MY FOCUS is on technical writing, which involves creating text that is descriptive, explanatory, educational, especially for technical, mathematical, scientific, and computer related subjects, such as the material on this website. This type of writing is greatly enhanced by the versatility of the electronic format, which will become apparent in the following paragraphs.

Additional Information In Regard To the Above, From Other Authors

Additional Information In

Regard To the Above, From Other Authors

Words on website: Electronic document

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_document

Words on website: Electronic Document Law & Legal Definition

http://definitions.uslegal.com/e/electronic-document

Words on website: Portable Document Format

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portable_Document_Format

Words on website:The problem of defining electronic books

Words on website:Google ebookstore

www.books.google.com/ebooks)

Words on video: Introducing Google eBooks Video

Search phrase (with www.Google.com)Definition of electronic documents

http://www.google.com/#hl=en&output=search&sclient=psy-ab&q=Definition+of+electronic+documents&oq=Definition+of+electronic+documents&aq=f&aqi=g-v1&aql=&gs_sm=3&gs_upl=2921l2921l0l4137l1l1l0l0l0l0l98l98l1l1l0&gs_l=hp.3..0i15.2921l2921l0l4137l1l1l0l0l0l0l98l98l1l1l0&pbx=1&bav=on.2,or.r_gc.r_pw.r_qf.,cf.osb&fp=2f95c0d86315f210&biw=1024&bih=589

Search phrase (with www.AOL.com:) Definition of electronic documents

http://search.aol.com/aol/search?enabled_terms=&s_it=comsearch51&q=Definition+of+electronic+documents

Section 6) What Is A Website, Unconventional Websites, With Definitions of: Domain, Internet and World Wide Web

Section 6) What Is A Website, Unconventional Websites,

With Definitions of: Domain, Internet and World Wide Web

What is a website? Based on the way the terminology is used in this e-book, a Website is a publication in the electronic format, generally created with the hypertext markup language, for display on the World Wide Web. A website can also be defined as a publication in the electronic format that is accessible by electronic links from the World Wide Web. Websites receive copyright protection, and they are similar to hardcopy publications, except they may contain audio, video, computer software, as well as text and graphics. The pages comprising a website are generally related by style, topic, and/or purpose. However, some websites have only one page, which can be similar to a leaflet, a scientific paper, or a one-page report. The webpages that comprise a website usually are approximately one to five screen lengths in height, with a width that is as wide as a typical computer screen. However, websites can have unusual dimensions, such as the following examples:

www.Tech-For-Text.com/MT This website is 1074 feet from top to bottom, and it contains over 100,000 words on one page, written in large fonts. The 1074 feet is based on the number of pages it would contain (which is 1121 pages), if it was printed on conventional paper (8.5” by 11.5”). This was measured with the print function in Internet Explorer 9. On your computer screen this website might be longer or shorter than 1074 feet, because of variations in resolution settings and screen sizes.

http://worlds-highest-website.com This website is 11.77 MILES, from top to bottom. This is based on a statement on the website, which is: “Welcome to the World’s Highest Website! It’s 18.939 kilometers high (about 11.77 miles)” It is much larger than the first example presented above, but everything presented on the worlds-highest-website.com could fit on a webpage that is less than 15 inches in height. That is this website contains over 11.769 miles of empty space.

www.TechForText.com/Trig1 This website is over 9 feet wide, (measured from left to right.) This is based on an estimate, using the length of my computer screen. To see all of this website press on the left arrow key and HOLD IT DOWN.

http://worm.bluesfear.com/index2.html This website appears to be over 40 feet wide, (measured from left to right.) This is based on an estimate, using the length of my computer screen. Incidentally, I found this website by doing a Google search for the world’s widest website. To see all of this website press on the left arrow key and HOLD IT DOWN.

The Potential Utility Of Unconventional Websites:

The Potential Utility of Unconventional Websites: The above represents a very useful concept for people that create websites. That is just like hardcopy, websites can be shaped in many configurations, such as long, wide, both long and wide, one page, multiple pages that are very long, etc. The idea here is to fit the shape and size of the website for a specific type of content, or a specific purpose, which is quite unconventional. For example, when I was creating the calculation device on www.TechForText.com/Trig1, it was apparent that it would not fit on an ordinary website. When I was faced with this challenge, I experimented, and created a website that is over 9 feet wide and less than 1 foot high. This website (www.TechForText.com/Trig1) is shaped like a hardcopy banner.

Experimenting with the size and geometry of web design is only one way of creating unconventional websites. For example, unique websites can be created with unusual ways of laying out text and graphics, unique graphic design, unusual color combinations, multiple homepages, etc. Ideally, the unconventional design should fit a specific purpose, or provide a special utility, or represent an interesting artistic concept.

A Definition Of A Domain, And Related Concepts

A Definition of A Domain, And Related Concepts: I have found that many people confuse a website with a domain, but they are totally different entities. A domain is an electronic address, similar to a telephone number. The domain is assigned to the IP address of a specific web server.

The server and the domain assigned to it, is analogous to a bookshelf. That is you can place one book on a bookshelf, or you can place many books on different locations on a bookshelf. The same concept applies to a domain when it is assigned to a web server. A domain can be divided into specific electronic locations, essentially by dividing the server space into subdomains. With this concept it is possible to place one or more websites on the same domain. That is, just like a bookshelf a domain and the assigned Web server can have one or more publications in it. For example, one of my domains TechForText.com has over two dozen websites, including: www.TechForText.com/1, www.TechForText.com/a6, www.TechForText.com/Trig, www.TechForText.com/Decision, and www.TechForText.com/integral5. Each of these websites, function independently of each other, and they were placed on the Internet at different points in time.

The / and the letters or numbers that follow a domain defines a subdomain. A subdomain is a subdirectory, and it can be created by placing a website in a folder, that is labeled with letters, numbers, or both letters and numbers. For example, the website accessible with www.TechForText.com/Trig, is in a folder that is labeled Trig.

Actually a subdomain is analogous to a telephone extension, and a domain is analogous to a telephone number, all of which represent electronic addresses on a telephone or computer network. However, subdomains are essentially created by defining a subdirectory, which is done by placing a website in a folder with a label.

More Concepts And Distinctions On Domains And Websites

More Concepts And Distinctions On Domains And Websites: From all of the above it should be obvious that a domain does not define a website, but it represents the electronic location to access a website. Websites can be moved to different domains, (in the same way a book can be move to another bookshelf or library), but this does not change the website; it only changes the electronic address to access the website. A website is defined by its content, in the same way a book or any hardcopy publication is defined by its content.

From the perspective of computer technology a website can be defined by its homepage, and the homepage is defined by a specific file name, which is index on many Web servers, including the server I use for my websites. If there are 100 pages linked to the homepage with the filename index, it represents only one website. However, if there are 100 webpages each with the filename index, (on different directories) on the same server and domain, it represents 100 websites from the perspective of electronics, and it may also represent 100 websites from the perspective of search engines, and server providers. It may be important to understand this concept, because some server providers do not permit more than one website on an account. I pay a higher rental fee, for web server space that does not have such limitations.

Thus, a website has many similarities to a conventional, hardcopy leaflet, pamphlet or book, but there is a very interesting difference. For example, a website with three pages can have its homepage on a web server in New York, another page on a Web server in China, and another page on a server in South Africa, and nobody would notice the difference, unless they examined the address bar of their browser. This would involve a website on three domains and three web servers thousands of miles apart, but the website would open normally, and clicking from one webpage to another, would be similar to any other website. The above of course is usually not done, but technically it is relatively easy to do, but the point here is the domain does not define the website.

The above is occasionally used, when an individual embeds a YouTube video, for example, into their website. This involves the YouTube web server providing the video, and the homepage of the website may be thousands of miles from the YouTube server. When this is done, the video appears as if it is on the same server and domain as the homepage of the website. Multiple web servers and domains are sometimes used in a similar way, when a shopping cart or web chat functionality is embedded or linked to a website. This involves a paid service that provides the shopping cart or web chat functionality from their web servers. An example is the following website, which is on only one page, but portions of the page are in California, and the remainder is in Arizona, and it involves three primary Domains, which are www.TechForText.com, www.Tech-For-text.com and www.YouTube. In spite of the above, the webpage gives the appearance that it a single unit, and display for one server.

www.TechForText.com/Reinforce-Your-Writing-with-Multimedia

Incidentally, I am aware of the technical aspects of this website, because I created it, and approximately 50% of it is on my domains, and server space that I rent yearly. The remainder is on YouTube servers, which involve 20 videos from other authors.)

What causes the Confusion Between the Concept of a Website and a Domain

What causes the Confusion Between the Concept of a Website and a Domain: From all of the above, it should be clear that a website and a domain are different entities that function together as a single unit. This raises the question why do people confuse these concepts. Probably, the primary reason is website names and the domain names are often the same as the name of the company that owns the website. See the following four examples:

Website name and company name YouTube, with the domain www.YouTube.com

Website name and company name MySpace with the domain www.MySpace.com

Website name and company name Yahoo, with the domain www.Yahoo.com.

Website name and company name Google, with the domain www.Google.com.

Another Concept That Is Often Confused is the Internet and the World Wide Web

Another Concept That Is Often Confused is the Internet and the World Wide Web: Based on the way the terminology is used in this e‑book, the Internet is a worldwide network of computers for: storing, processing, and transmitting and receiving text, graphics, audio, video, software, and anything else that can be transmitted in a digital format. The Internet uses a number of methods to transmit material in the digital format. These methods are called protocols and a few of the most common are presented below:

HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) When computers are using the HyperText Transfer Protocol, over the Internet, they are using the World Wide Web. The World Wide Web can be defined as a network of computers that use the HyperText Transfer Protocol for transmitting, receiving, and displaying: text, graphics, audio, video, software, and anything else that can be transmitted in HTTP. If you are transmitting information over the Internet and you are not using HTTP you are not transmitting through the World Wide Web.

File Transfer Protocol (FTP) FTP is used for transmitting files over the Internet from one computer to another. For example, FTP is generally used when a website or computer program is loaded into a server, through the Internet. Some people back up their files on a server that uses FTP. FTP can also be used for file sharing with the appropriate type of server.

Post Office Protocol (POP) POP is used for receiving e-mail through the Internet.

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) SMTP is used for sending e-mail through the Internet.

Network News Transfer Protocol (NNTP) NNTP is used by Usenet (Newsgroups) for posting and transmitting articles over the Internet Newsgroups is a less well known category of the Internet, and for additional information see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usenet and also http://tldp.org/LDP/nag/node257.html

Additional Information In Regard To the Above, From Other Authors

Additional Information In

Regard To the Above, From Other Authors

Words on a website: What Is a Website?

www.freeservers.com/WebHosting101/WhatIsAWebsite.html

Words on website: From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Website

Words on website: A website is a page or collection of pages on the World Wide Web

www.yourdictionary.com/website

Words on website: 10 Best Website Builders of 2012

www.webhostingfreereviews.com/10-best-website-builders/?k=make%20web%20page&ad=G_build&ty=320

Words on website: Computer Protocols- TCP/IP, POP, SMTP, HTTP, FTP and More

http://vlaurie.com/computers2/Articles/protocol.htm

Words on website: Internet Protocols

www.webdevelopersnotes.com/basics/internet_protocols.php3

Words on website: A Family of Protocols

www.w3schools.com/tcpip/tcpip_protocols.asp

Words on website: HTTP - Hypertext Transfer Protocol

www.w3.org/Protocols

Words on website: Network News Transfer Protocol

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_News_Transfer_Protocol

Words on website: World Wide Web

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Web

Words on website: Free Newsgroups

http://discussions.virtualdr.com/archive/index.php/t-223565.html

Words on Website: Welcome to BinSearch -- the binary Usenet search engine

http://binsearch.info

Words on Website: What is Usenet, Anyway?

http://tldp.org/LDP/nag/node257.html

Words on Website: Usenet History

http://tldp.org/LDP/nag/node256.html

Words on Website: The Network Administrators' Guide

www.templetons.com/brad/netmyths.html

Words on Website: Slyck's Guide To The Usenet Newsgroups

www.templetons.com/brad/netmyths.html

Words on Website: Usenet History

http://tldp.org/LDP/nag/node256.html

Words on Website: Welcome to the new Google Groups

https://groups.google.com/forum/?fromgroups#!overview

Words on Video: Google Sites #1: How to Create a New Site

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9eVUKiBe6IM

Words on Video: How To Make A Website

www.youtube.com/watch?v=d76PlbaeRZM

Words on Video: How To Download From Usenet Newsgroups

www.slyck.com/Video_Newsgroups_NZBFiles

Search phrase (with www.AOL.com ) Definition of a website

http://search.aol.com/aol/search?enabled_terms=&s_it=comsearch51&q=Technical+definition+of+a+website

Search phrase (with www.Bing.com ) Definition Website domain

http://www.bing.com/search?q=Definition+Website+domain&qs=n&form=QBRE&pq=website+domain&sc=8

Search phrase (with www.ASK.com) Technical definition of a website

www.ask.com/web?qsrc=1&o=102273&l=dir&q=Technical+definition+of+a+website

Video Search phrase (with www.YouTube.com ) How to create a website

http://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=How+to+create+a+website&oq=How+to+create+a+website&aq=f&aqi=g10&aql=&gs_sm=3&gs_upl=5035l5035l0l7951l1l1l0l0l0l0l69l69l1l1l0

Chapter 3) Electronic Documents, with Multimedia Functionality

Section 7) What Is A Multimedia Document, and What are the Practical Uses of Multimedia?

Section 7) What Is A Multimedia Document, and

What are the Practical Uses of Multimedia?

What is a multimedia document: Based on the way the terminology is used in this e-book, a multimedia document is an electronic document that incorporates audio and/or video, combined with text and/or mathematics. The audio, and/or video may start automatically, as soon as the document opens, or when the user clicks on a link or activation button.

The above defines a multimedia document, but these documents may contain many other components, such as hyperlinks, computer software, stereophonic music, 3-D images, etc. However, multimedia documents can look: like a conventional text document, like a page from a textbook with pictures or diagrams, like a magazine article with photographs, all of which are coupled with audio, and/or video.

The above examples essentially involve a computer simulation of hardcopy formats. However, a multimedia document, as well as a conventional electronic document can involve graphics that simulate almost anything, such as a three dimensional map of city streets with signs, an office, a classroom with a blackboard, or an abstract graphic design.

The underutilization of multimedia as a practical format for education and communication

The underutilization of multimedia as a practical format for education and communication: Multimedia has many potential uses in science, technology, and education, but it is primarily used for entertainment. The practical utilization of this very versatile and very useful technology is minimal at this point in time. For example, I do not know of any scientific or technical journals that accept multimedia documents. In my college studies my instructors never provided multimedia documents, and I was never asked to submit assignments in multimedia.

The educational system, and academic journals are greatly influenced by tradition, and they are focused on a text format, with some graphics. There are certain types of information that can be presented optimally with the use of written language, but just the opposite is also true. That is there are certain types of material that cannot be effectively conveyed with only text and graphics. Examples are the scientific studies of insects, birds, and other animals, which cannot be optimally described with only written language, because the studies involve animal movements and sounds. It is very difficult to teach or learn: mathematics, music, and many other subjects with only text and graphics.

The above is perhaps slowly changing, and the use of multimedia is gradually expanding, with the development of computer technology, the Internet, and online courses. However, most of the online studies that I have read about, or heard about from acquaintances are primarily focused on text. This probably is caused by lack of skill with multimedia, as well as a lack of awareness of its potential value in communication and education. Some of the advantages of multimedia include the following:

MULTIMEDIA INTERACTIVE DOCUMENTS can provide four learning channels, consisting of:1) READING; 2) LISTENING; 3 SEEING; and 4 PERFORMING, WITH FEEDBACK AND CORRECTION. This involves a document with 1) text, 2) audio, 3) video, and 4) interactive software that is relevant for the subject being studied. The most important channel is probably PERFORMING, WITH FEEDBACK AND CORRECTION, which is obtained with interactive software. That is most people learn by DOING. This involves practicing coupled with evaluating and correcting errors, and attempts to improve less than optimal performance. (This is essentially programmed learning combined with multimedia.)

MULTIMEDIA circumvents the limitation of written language: This is obvious, when videos and/or sound recordings are linked to or embeded in electronic documents.

MULTIMEDIA can reduce eye strain and fatigue that is associated with conventional study techniques, such as reading large quantities of text. This problem is minimized or eliminated with multimedia, because videos and sound recordings can reduce the amount of reading required in the learning process. When multimedia involves sound recordings it eliminates or reduces the need to stare at text, mathematics, or graphics in a stationary position.

MULTIMEDIA can reduce the likelihood of boredom, which is often associated with conventional learning techniques. The visual aspects of multimedia, and the perception of movement provided in videos can be created so they are stimulating or exciting. That is stimulating sounds, music, and visual components can be included in a multimedia document.

Creating multimedia documents can be extremely time consuming, and expensive, especially when videos, animations, and software are created specifically for documents. When multimedia documents are created in this way, they can require a multidisciplinary team of highly trained individuals, such as writers, film producers, graphic artists, etc. This is probably one of the reasons multimedia is underutilized in education and academic journals. However, multimedia documents can be created by utilizing material and resources on the Internet, which is not time consuming, and cost little or no money. This is explained in the following two sections, and in the website presented below:

www.TechForText.com/Reinforce-Your-Writing-with-Multimedia This is a 3400 word E-book on linking to, or embedding videos and software in electronic documents. It contains 20 embedded YouTube videos from other authors, which provide detailed step-by-step instructions on embedding. The website also contains three embedded calculation devices.

Additional Information In Regard To the Above, From Other Authors

Additional Information In Regard

To the Above, From Other Authors

(PDF) Words on website: On User Interfaces for Educational Multimedia Applications

http://cs.wellesley.edu/~pmetaxas/M2E2.pdf

(PDF) Words on website: What Do I Need to Create Multimedia?

http://www2.unescobkk.org/elib/publications/mindmapping2/PART_TWO.PDF

Words on Website: IEEE MultiMedia

www.computer.org/portal/web/multimedia

Words on website: How to create a multimedia website using Flash templates

http://www.a4deskpro.com/website_builder/how_to_create_a_multimedia_website_using_Flash_templates.php

Words on website: Interactive Multimedia in Education and Training

https://tojde.anadolu.edu.tr/tojde17/reviews/intmultimedia.htm

Words on website: Open Source Multimedia Software Judges

http://www.packtpub.com/open-source-awards-home/open-source-graphics-software-judges

Words on website: Open source Multimedia & Audio

www.osalt.com/multimedia-and-audio

(PDF) Words on website: FAIR USE GUIDELINES FOR EDUCATIONAL MULTIMEDIA

www.ccumc.org/assets/documents/MMFUGuidelines.pdf

(PDF) Words on website: The Evolution of Multimedia in Education

www.rcss.ed.ac.uk/fame/WP/education.pdf

Words on website: Creating Multimedia Content

http://www.killersites.com/articles/articles_CreatingMultimediaContent%20.htm

Words on website: Blender is Free & Open Source Software.

www.blender.org/download/get-blender

Words on website: Freeware Software Animation

www.freewarefiles.com/category_3_32.html

Words on website: Creating Multimedia eBooks

www.speedofcreativity.org/2012/03/06/creating-multimedia-enhanced-ebooks

Words on website: Creating Multimedia eResources

https://sites.google.com/site/eclassroom4teachers/creating-multimedia-eresources

Words on website: How to Create a Free Multimedia Website

http://www.ehow.com/how_4967546_create-multimedia-website.html

Words on website: How to create a multimedia website using Flash templates

www.a4deskpro.com/website_builder/how_to_create_a_multimedia_website_using_Flash_templates.php

Words on video: Nero Multimedia Suite 10 - Create a Photo Slide Show

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lH0frYoldmA

Words on video: Creating Multimedia Reporting Culture

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lY7S1Q-Iohw

Words on video: Free 3d Animation Software

www.youtube.com/watch?v=kSDHfa3wAp0

Search phrase (with www.Google.com) Open source multimedia software

http://www.google.com/#hl=en&sugexp=llsin&gs_nf=1&gs_mss=reating%20multimedia&pq=creating%20multimedia&cp=22&gs_id=nz&xhr=t&q=open+source+multimedia+software&pf=p&sclient=psy-ab&oq=open+source+multimedia&aq=0&aqi=g4&aql=&gs_l=&pbx=1&bav=on.2,or.r_gc.r_pw.r_qf.,cf.osb&fp=3226d37ade666d03&biw=939&bih=581

Search phrase (with www.Google.com) The application of multimedia in education

www.google.com/#hl=en&sclient=psy-ab&q=The+application+of+multimedia+in+education&oq=The+application+of+multimedia+in+education&aq=f&aqi=g-q1&aql=&gs_l=serp.3..0i22.137302l137302l0l137978l1l1l0l0l0l0l180l180l0j1l1l0.llsin.&pbx=1&bav=on.2,or.r_gc.r_pw.r_qf.,cf.osb&fp=3226d37ade666d03&biw=939&bih=581

Search phrase (with www.Google.com) Animation software free

http://www.google.com/#hl=en&sclient=psy-ab&q=animation+software+free&oq=Animation+software&aq=1&aqi=g4&aql=&gs_l=hp.1.1.0l4.0l0l1l2105l0l0l0l0l0l0l0l0ll0l0.llsin.&pbx=1&bav=on.2,or.r_gc.r_pw.r_qf.,cf.osb&fp=3226d37ade666d03&biw=939&bih=581

Search phrase (with www.Google.com) Creating multimedia

www.google.com/#hl=en&sclient=psy-ab&q=Creating+multimedia&oq=Creating+multimedia&aq=f&aqi=g4&aql=&gs_sm=3&gs_upl=7530l31962l0l32838l70l26l0l0l0l22l212l2840l7.17.1l26l0&gs_l=hp.3..0l4.7530l31962l0l32838l70l26l0l0l0l22l212l2840l7j17j1l26l0&pbx=1&bav=on.2,or.r_gc.r_pw.r_qf

Search phrase (with www.AOL.com ) Creating a multimedia website

Search phrase (with www.AOL.com:) Creating a multimedia website

http://search.aol.com/aol/search?enabled_terms=&s_it=comsearch51&q=Creating+a+multimedia+website+

Search phrase (with www.AOL.com ) The definition of multimedia

http://search.aol.com/aol/search?enabled_terms=&s_it=comsearch51&q=The+definition+of+multimedia

Search phrase (with www.Bing.com ) Multimedia documents

www.bing.com/search?q=Multimedia+documents&qs=n&form=QBLH&pq=multimedia+documents&sc=4-20&sp=-1&sk=

Video Search phrase (with http://video.search.yahoo.com ) Creating multimedia

http://video.search.yahoo.com/search/video;_ylt=A2KLqICnO1tP4kUAH._6w8QF;_ylu=X3oDMTBncGdyMzQ0BHNlYwNzZWFyY2gEdnRpZAM-?p=Creating+multimedia&ei=utf-8&fr=sfp

Video Search phrase (with www.YouTube.com ) Creating multimedia

www.youtube.com/results?search_query=Creating+multimedia&oq=Creating+multimedia&aq=f&aqi=&aql=&gs_sm=3&gs_upl=2642l2642l0l4015l1l1l0l0l0l0l61l61l1l1l0

Section 8) Multimedia Techniques I Devised or Discovered For the Audio Narrations of Manuscripts and Articles

Section 8) Multimedia Techniques I Devised or Discovered

For the Audio Narrations of Manuscripts and Articles

IMPORTANT INTRODUCTORY NOTE: The concepts and techniques discussed in this chapter are based on a number of websites I created, with sound recordings. Hyperlinks to these websites are presented several paragraphs below, after the concepts and techniques are explained. It is NECESSARY to examine the websites after reading the following paragraphs, in order to understand the material presented in this section.

I created many multimedia websites that contain conventional text, with an alternative audio narration of the text. This design concept offers the user the choice: of reading or listening to the text. If the user wants to listen to the narration of the text he or she left clicks on a hyperlink, to start the sound recording. This is useful for almost any type of electronic document, but I found it especially useful for lengthy manuscripts. This is based on the assumption that sum of my readers would prefer to listen to some, or all of my work, rather than read it.

Listening has certain advantages and disadvantages over reading text. When listening, it is possible to engage in other activities, such as cleaning the house, cooking, or eating. The disadvantage with listening is it may not facilitate the same level of concentration as reading. When reading text the user can focus their attention on specific sentences, and reread them when necessary, which is often the most effective way to comprehend and learn technical material.

However, with the design concept presented above, the readers have choices; they can read or they can listen, depending on their personal needs and preferences. Perhaps an optimum strategy is to read the text at least once, and then listen to it to reinforce the learning process.

Techniques for Creating Audio Narrations of Articles And Manuscripts That Are In The Electronic Format

Techniques for Creating Audio Narrations of Articles And Manuscripts That Are In The Electronic Format: The above raises the question how do I create audio narrations of my manuscripts, which range in length from 6000 to well over 100,000 words. The techniques that I use to create audio narrations of my writing, does not involve a conventional tape recorder and microphone. It would be impractical to create a narration of my lengthy manuscripts in this way. In addition, to produce professional level narrations, requires a soundproof room, high-quality equipment, and specialized abilities and skills, as well as a large investment in time and effort.

The solution to the above problem is to use high quality text-to-speech software that has been designed to convert text directly into a recording on a sound file. Interestingly, when the recording is being created, the software reads the text, but there is no sound involved. This software produces a series of electronic pulses, representing spoken words, as it reads the text, at a rate exceeding 20 words per second, and automatically records the pulses on a sound file. There are actually many brands of software in this category available for under $100, which includes the following:

TextAloud: www.nextup.com/products.html I usually use this software to create sound files

NaturalReader: www.naturalreaders.com/order_information.htm This is a high quality software device that comes in two versions, one of which is free.

Note, both of the above can also read allowed the text in almost any electronic document, as well as convert text directly to a sound recording. For example, you can use TextAloud or NaturalReader, to listen to this entire e-book, if you do not want to read it.

The quality of sound obtained with these devices is determined by the quality of the voice software that is use with TextAloud or NaturalReader. Voice software can be purchased separately, or with TextAloud or NaturalReader. Even when the speech to text software is less than ideal, the narration is almost always easy to understand, but it might not sound like a normal human voice. However, with the best speech to text software the narration sounds similar to a professional announcer, which will become apparent with the following (Example 1):

This note applies to the six examples (six websites) listed below. To start a sound recording wait until the website opens, and then left click on a blue link. After this, you might have to click on another link from your browser, to permit the sound recording to start. After you have clicked on the link, it may take anywhere from a couple of seconds to over one minute before the sound recording starts. If the sound recording does not start it means that your speakers are not connected, you do not have the software to play sound files, or your security software is blocking the sound file.

Example 1, Audio and Text Website) This website was created with the technique described above, and it is located at www.Tech‑For‑Text.com This website contains three hyperlinks to listen to three short sound recordings. Each link activates an audio narration for part one 7:29 min, part two 5:59 min, and part three 2:25 min. The links to start the sound recordings are on the top of the webpage. (Note: The above website is also accessible from: www.TechForText.com/T )

If you want to start the sound recordings for the above website, in this e-book left click on the blue links below, but it is recommended you go directly to the website, to obtain a better picture of the technique of creating a website with sound recordings.

For part one of the narration, left click here (7:29 min.)

For part two of the narration, left click here (5:59 min.)

For part three of the narration, left click here (2:25 min.)

NOTE: Below there are five additional websites, which were created with a slightly earlier technology then the above, and the sound quality is good, but not as good as the previous example.

Example 2, Audio and Text Website) One of the most interesting websites that I created explains the techniques and software required to create electronic documents, with text and audio narration of the text. It is titled: 3643 Words on The Practical Use of Multimedia, with Text-To-Speech Software. This website is at: www.David100.com/A (You should have your speakers or headphones turned on before accessing this website.) When the website opens, scroll down about one half of a screen, and you will see a link to start the sound file, which looks like this, but it is much larger: LEFT CLICK ON THIS TEXT. (Note: The above website is also accessible from: www.TechForText.com/X/A )

The following four manuscripts were initially created for formal coursework. Months after I completed these courses, I decided to convert the manuscripts into websites with audio narrations of the text, and a hyperlink table of contents. The four manuscripts are quite lengthy, and they contain OVER a quarter-million words, but each manuscript is on one long HTML webpage. (The precise word count of the four manuscripts totals to 291,120 words. This was counted with the function in Microsoft Word.)

Example 3, Audio and Text Website) www.Tech-for-text.com/MT This website is a 103,189 Word e‑book On: A Practical and Creative View of Management and Organizational Behavior. Each of the 14 chapters in this book contains a blue link to start an audio narration for the chapter. In addition there is a blue link on the very top of the website, which starts a brief introduction to the book. The book has a hyperlinked table of contents in the first section of the book. Note: The above website is also accessible from: www.TechForText.com/T/MT

Example 4, Audio and Text Website) www.Tech-for-text.com/S This website is a 108,929 Word e-book, with the title: Social Psychology A Critical and Creative View. Each of the 19 chapters in this book contains a blue link to start an audio narration for the chapter. In addition there is a blue link on the very top of the website, which starts a brief introduction to the book. The book has a hyperlinked table of contents in the first section. (Note: The above website is also accessible from: www.TechForText.com/T/S )

Example 5, Audio and Text Website) www.Tech-for-text.com/P This website contains an E‑book with sound files: 67,782 Words On: A Critical and Creative View of Psychology and Related Concepts. The entire text of the e-book is also available in a series of recordings linked to various sections throughout the book. Each of the 26 chapters in this book contains a blue link to start an audio narration for the chapter. In addition there is a blue link on the very top of the website, which starts a brief introduction to the book. This e‑ book has a hyperlinked table of contents in the first section of the book. (Note: The above website is also accessible from: www.TechForText.com/T/P)

Example 6, Audio and Text Website) www.Tech-for-text.com/W This website contains an E-book with sound files of the entire text. 11,220 Words on: Writing Articles for publication. The link for the sound recordings in this e-book are presented in the introduction, and in five headings listed in the table of contents. There is a blue link on the very top of the website, which starts a brief introduction to the book. The book has a hyperlinked table of contents in the first section. (Note: The above website is also accessible from: www.TechForText.com/T/W )

Sound recordings that start automatically when a website is opened

Sound recordings that start automatically when a website is opened: The following are examples of websites that I created, that have audio narrations that start automatically, but many of the newer browsers and security software prevent these recordings from starting. When I created these websites, the recordings started with every browser and computer I tested them with, but this was over three years ago. This is one of the disadvantages of this technique. Another disadvantage of this technique is many people do not like sound recordings that start automatically when they open a website. However, this technique has some valuable utility with advertising, and instructions, or warning messages, especially when the user may not be inclined to read the text.

Example 1) www.TechForText.com

Example 2) www.TechForText.com/1

Example 3) www.TechForText.com/2

Example 4) www.TechForText.com/3

Example 5) www.TechForText.com/4

Example 6) www.TechForText.com/5

Example 7) www.TechForText.com/6

Example 8) www.TechForText.com/7

Example 9) www.TechForText.com/8

Example 10) www.TechForText.com/9

Example 11) www.TechForText.com/10

Example 12) www.TechForText.com/11

The following is the first website I created. I built this website with construction software provided with my DSL account from Verizon. The web space and related domain are also from the Verizon account. http://mysite.verizon.net/vze7hyuc/index.html When this website was created, music would start automatically when the website was opened.

Section 9) Creating Multimedia Documents by Hyperlinking Your Text to Videos, Animations, and Sound Recordings Created By Other Authors, And Concepts That Relate To Copyright Rules

Section 9) Creating Multimedia Documents by Hyperlinking

Your Text to Videos, Animations, and Sound Recordings Created

By Other Authors, And Concepts That Relate To Copyright Rules

It is very time-consuming to create videos, animations, and sound recordings, which are the main components of multimedia. For example, a well-made video can require a few hours to a few months to create, and can cost less than a dollar to well over one-million dollars for a professionally created documentary. However, it is not necessary to create your own videos, animations, and sound recordings to create multimedia documents. You can create a multimedia document by hyperlinking your text to material created by other authors on the Internet.

Some examples, using the above technique are presented below:

Simple animations and/or videos are useful for illustrating scientific and engineering concepts. A good example is an internal combustion engine. It would be very difficult to explain how these engines work with written or spoken language. However, this problem is solved by linking to animations and videos created by other authors, as can be seen from the following examples:

Words on website: 4-Stroke Internal Combustion Engine (This is a simple animation)

www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/k-12/airplane/engopt.html

Words on website: Two Stroke Engine (This is a simple animation)

www.animatedengines.com/twostroke.html

Words on website: The two-stroke engine (This is a simple animation) http://library.thinkquest.org/C006011/english/sites/2_taktmotor.php3?v=2

Words on website: Piston Animation (This is a video with an animation)

http://youtu.be/XCa7z4NN_CA

Words on website: Simple piston animation created using Eye-Sys (This is a video with an animation)

www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tn4Ltgb9uZo

Any description of Music, and any performance presented in written language, can be reinforced with links to related audio material. The following are examples from: www.stereomood.com

Words on website: I'm listening to relax playlist 1-20 of 1955 songs

www.stereomood.com/activity/relax

Words on website: I'm listening to studying playlist 1-20 of 279 songs

www.stereomood.com/activity/studying

Words on website: I'm listening to thinking playlist 1-20 of 172 songs

www.stereomood.com/activity/thinking

Other examples where multimedia will be useful in reinforcing text include: animal studies, people and their emotional reactions, speeches and interviews, medical studies involving the sounds of the heart, and anything that involves significant audio and/or dynamic visual components. The word dynamic refers to the movement of visual components, and/or a sequential change of color or geometric forms, which are very difficult to explain solely with written language.

The technique described above generally requires an Internet search for the materials you need. This can be carried out with any of the major search engines, such as www.Google.com, www, Scholar.Google.com, www.Aol.com, www.Bing.com, and www.Yahoo.com. When you are searching for videos it is best to use of video search engine, such as: www.Video.Google.com.

When you are searching for animations, such as of a gasoline engine, use the word animation in your search. In this regard, it is necessary to keep in mind that there are two types of animations, which are: SIMPLE GRAPHIC ANIMATIONS, and VIDEO ANIMATIONS. Using the examples presented above, a simple graphics animation of an internal combustion engine is presented at www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/k-12/airplane/engopt.html, and a video animation is presented at http://youtu.be/XCa7z4NN_CA. When you are searching for a video animation, use a video search engine, such as: www.Video.Google.com, but when you are searching for simple graphics animation, use a conventional search engine such as: www.Google.com.

How to create hyperlinks to animations, videos and sound recordings on the Internet

How to create hyperlinks to animations, videos and sound recordings on the Internet: Microsoft Word, OpenOffice Writer, and most of the other word processor software, have built in functions to create hyperlinks, which can be used to link to videos and other material on the Internet. The same applies to most presentation software, and even most spreadsheets have functions to create hyperlinks. With Microsoft Word and OpenOffice writer you can create a hyperlink to almost anything on the web by simply entering the URL directly in the document, and pressing the enter key or the spacebar. To use the hyperlink in Microsoft Word, or OpenOffice Writer, you have to hold down the Ctrl key, and left click on it with the mouse. If the document is converted to HTML, and viewed in a web browser, or used on a website, it is only necessary to click on the URL with the mouse.

Another way to create hyperlinks in Microsoft Word, and the other software mentioned above, is to use the dialog box hyperlink function. This is displayed in a menu or ribbon-like configuration under the category INSERT, which is illustrated in detail in some of the videos presented below. With this device it is possible to use any word or phrase as a hyperlink. For example, www.google.com can be written as: My Favorite Search Engine Both of these hyperlinks will open the Google search engine if you left click on them. With this function you can also use a picture or sketch as a hyperlink.

The following videos provide step-by-step instructions on how to create hyperlinks in Microsoft Word, OpenOffice, and other software. When you left click on a link for a video, a web page will open, which usually has a large number of high-quality videos that are related to the words on the hyperlink you clicked on. However, when you click on the link it will usually start only one video automatically, which may take a few seconds. If the video does not start automatically, left click on the link provided by the author of the video. This link is usually in the center of the screen. If a link fails, enter the blue words into Google’s video search engine, at www.Video.Google.com.

Words on video: How to create a hyperlink in Microsoft Word 2003

http://youtu.be/JbIZt5oPUGc

Words on video: Inserting a hyperlink in a PowerPoint presentation

http://youtu.be/TwoCWM71NQo

Words on video: Hyperlink Tutorial

http://youtu.be/rtBamK-m30g

Words on video: Tutorial: Using Hyperlink on Word 2007
http://youtu.be/xj_NQrO48KA

Words on video: Word 2010: Hyperlink

http://youtu.be/GNHGWQ6_Uoc

Working With Hyperlink in OpenOffice Writer

http://youtu.be/m7o2HQCHRB4

Words on video: How to insert hyperlink in powerpoint 03 and 07

http://youtu.be/_JzFRx4FYlw

Words on video: OpenOffice: Creating Link

http://youtu.be/h_hq1dUg1gQ

Words on video: Working With Hyperlink in OpenOffice Writer

www.dailymotion.com/video/x4dmig_working-with-hyperlink-in-openoffi_school

Words on video: 33- Libre Office - Calc, Open Office

http://youtu.be/ntuKV6qyBo4

Words on video: How to hyperlink

http://youtu.be/agv4eBIYH0c

Copyright and related concepts

Copyright and related concepts: The above suggests the question: what about copyright rules and regulations. Hyperlinking to the work created by other authors does not violate any copyright laws, providing the author is publicly displaying the work on the Internet. The reason for this is a hyperlink is only an electronic address that takes you to the original website where the author loaded his work for public display.

Another alternative is embedding the work created by other authors into your electronic document, which is permissible if the author of the work provides the computer code needed for this technique, or if you obtain written permission from the author to use the work in this way. (The technique of embedding is discussed in detail at www.TechForText.com/Reinforce-Your-Writing-with-Multimedia.)

Still another alternative is to download the work by other authors, and use it in your electronic document. This is only permissible if you have the author’s written permission to use the material, and you do not modify the work in any way, unless you have the author’s permission to do so.

All of the above is based on the assumption that the source of the work is apparent, because the website and/or author’s name is displayed when the video or other material is activated. For example, YouTube videos display the word YouTube, on the lower right corner, and the author is usually in the video. In addition, when a user clicks on a hyperlink the original website where the author placed the work opens. Even if you embed the work in your webpage, double-clicking on the video after it starts, usually opens the website that is providing the material.

Nevertheless when you are using videos or other material that you did not create, you should make it clear that it is not your work. This can be done with a simple phrase, such as: The following videos were created by other authors, OR: All the videos embedded in this e‑book were created by other authors. In addition, when you are linking to or embedding your own work in your webpage, you should make it clear that you are the creator of the material. (I highlight all of the hyperlinks to the websites and software I created in yellow, which is explained in the beginning of this e-book.)

If you are dealing with a situation where the website or author of the work is not apparent, it is necessary to indicate the website and author of the material in your document. Sometimes people that placed their material on the Internet do not provide their name. In such a case indicate the website where the material was obtained, and indicate the user name if it was provided.

Copyright laws are sometimes very complex, and there are situations where the author’s desires are ambiguous. For example, some websites permit downloading of their videos or music for personal use. Does this include a personal website? What is a personal website? Is the website personal if you are selling your professional services on portions of the website? Is the website personal if you, or the provider of the web space, earn money from advertisements placed on the website? When faced with any type of ambiguous situation, the best strategy is NOT to use the material, unless you can obtain written permission from the copyright holder.

If you encounter a website that has unreasonable rules that are not covered by the copyright laws, such as requests demanding that nobody link to their website, the best strategy is simply not to use the material. If you ever receive a complaint from a copyright holder, for material that you are using on your website, the best strategy is to comply with their requests, even if they are legally incorrect.

All of the above represents a relatively cautious approach when dealing with copyright rules and regulations. Some authors suggest a less cautious approach, which is based on the concept of fair use for personal or academic purposes. This strategy might be sensible if you are not publishing your work on the Internet, and are only distributing a few copies, such as to your instructor, or to a few friends. For additional information on this approach, and other aspects of copyright rules and regulations see the following videos from other authors:

Words on video: Copyright for Educators - Introduction Episode 1

http://youtu.be/554FnAnK1Ik

Words on video: Copyright for Educators - Overview Episode 2 part 1

http://youtu.be/UDsTzk2lNfw

Words on video: Copyright for Educators - Fair Use Episode 3 part 1

http://youtu.be/f-ifoHp6Y_A

Words on video: Copyright for Educators - Internet and Web Episode 4 Part 1

http://youtu.be/BKAShGe7u4g

Words on video: Copyright for Educators - Multimedia Episode 5

Words on video: Copyright for Educators - Print Episode 6

http://youtu.be/T2MlVYtXrWE

Words on video: Copyright Regime vs. Civil Liberties

http://youtu.be/GKNt0ZSTSyg

Words on video: Copyright & Fair Dealing @ Dalhousie

http://vimeo.com/37615211

Section 10) Multimedia and Related Concepts: Video to Reinforce Text, and JavaScript Software Embedded in Documents

Section 10) Multimedia and Related Concepts:

Video to Reinforce Text, and

JavaScript Software Embedded in Documents

IMPORTANT NOTE: To understand the material presented in this section, it is necessary to examine the examples, most of which are presented on another website that is linked to this webpage. See the following:

www.TechForText.com/Reinforce-Your-Writing-with-Multimedia

The above website has examples of videos and JavaScript software embedded in a webpage.

Videos are one of the best ways of circumventing the limitations of written language. However, to create a professional level video requires specialized skills, and it is extremely time consuming, especially if you are presenting technical material. Thus, I do NOT create videos, and my focus is on presenting technical and scientific concepts in written language. However, I often reinforce my writing with videos created by other authors, by linking to relevant videos on the Internet.

There are three ways that videos can be used to reinforce text on a website, or in any type of electronic document, which are as follows:

1 )Videos can be used to explain the same material presented in a document with text, to clarify concepts, and techniques. Certain types of material cannot be adequately explained solely with written language, and reinforcement of the text with video solves the problem. This is especially the case with techniques that require steps based on hand movements. Examples are using software; manipulating knobs, and levers to operate electronic or mechanical equipment; performing exercise or dance movements; weaving; and knitting.

2)Videos can be used to provide additional information that relates to the text presented in an electronic document. This can involve presenting the portion of the material that can be easily explained with written language, and the remainder of the material with a video that is link to, or embedded in the document. For example, when I discuss software I sometimes explained the functionality and utility of the software, and provide links to videos that demonstrate in a step-by-step way, on how to use the software.

3) Videos can be used to provide the reader with alternative points of view, or even techniques and concepts that go the on the knowledge and experience of the writer. Articles, and e-books, as well as videos can be used for this purpose. When a document is reinforced in this way, it circumvents any limitations in the writer's knowledge and experience, as well as providing a diverse perspective on a topic.

There are two ways that videos can be connected to an electronic document. Both of these techniques work especially well with websites. The simplest and most efficient way is to provide hyperlinks to one or more relevant videos on the Internet or on your own network or computer. This can be done by placing the link for the video directly in the paragraph where you want to reinforce the text, or AT THE END of a paragraph, subsection, section, or chapter. When you want to reinforce an explanation that may not be easily understood, it is best to place a link for a video directly in the explanatory text, or beneath it. For example, How to make a hyperlink (http://youtu.be/_0x-HuAnyIQ)

Another method of using video with an electronic document is to embed the video directly in the document. This technique is aesthetically superior to linking to videos. The video actually appears to be part of the document itself, but the video remains on the original server, where the creator of the video placed it. There are some disadvantages to this technique. The first is, embedding is more time-consuming, and it requires more technical knowledge and skills than placing a hyperlinked to a video in your text. Embedded videos consume space on your document, which can be a major problem if you are using a number of videos to reinforce your text. When you embed a video in your document, you have to have appropriate embedding code, which is provided by the author of the video. Some people that create videos do not permit embedding their work in documents created by other authors, and thus they do not provide the required code for embedding. Attempting to circumvent their desires is a copyright violation.

None of the above problems are encountered when you use hyperlinks to videos. Hyperlinks are quickly created, they take up very little room, and you have the freedom to link to any video that is publicly displayed on the Internet. For these reasons, I usually use hyperlinks to videos. However, I will explain a technique that I use when I embed videos or software into HTML webpages in the following paragraphs.

However, if you are not working with HTML webpages, there are many ways of inserting videos into various types of software, presented on YouTube. The best strategy is to carry out an Internet search that relates to the type of document you are creating, with search phrases such as: Embedding videos in PowerPoint, Embedding videos in Microsoft Word, Embedding videos in OpenOffice, etc. For this search you should use www.YouTube.com and/or www.Video.Google.com Hyperlinks to some examples of the type of videos you will find are presented below:

If you want to embed videos into a conventional Microsoft Word document, see Word 2007 Tutorial 24 - Inserting YouTube Videos Into Word at http://youtu.be/hS4axhSHIZ0.

If you want to embed videos into PowerPoint 2010 see: How to embed a YouTube video into PowerPoint 2010 at http://youtu.be/m_dsh18xPhs,

If you want to embed videos into PowerPoint 2007 see: Embed YouTube into PowerPoint 2007, no internet connection http://youtu.be/5G2pkWK6mEc

A Technique of Embedding Videos and JavaScript Software Into HTML Webpages

A Technique of Embedding Videos and JavaScript Software Into HTML Webpages: I have found that this technique is highly efficient, but you should keep in mind that there are many ways of embedding videos and software into HTML webpages.

I very often in bed JavaScript software directly into the electronic documents I write. Documents of this nature are usually about the JavaScript software itself, such as how I created the software, what it does, and how to use it. Embedding JavaScript software into a document, involves the same basic technique as embedding a video. Specifically, it involves opening a document that is in the conventional webpage format, with an HTML editor. For the video, embedding code is pasted into the body of the HTML code. For the software, ALL OF THE JAVASCRIPT CODE THAT COMPRISES THE SOFTWARE is pasted into the body of the HTML code. You can also use embedding code for inserting software into a webpage, which is very useful if the software is on another website. I explain this technique in a step-by-step way on the website presented at the end of this paragraph. In addition, this website also contains 20 embedded videos that provide detailed instructions in regard to embedding videos. The website also has three JavaScript software devices that are embedded in the webpage.

www.TechForText.com/Reinforce-Your-Writing-with-Multimedia

If you want to see examples of JavaScript software embedded in webpages see the following 16 websites. I created the JavaScript software and the websites below, using Microsoft Word, Microsoft Excel, Notepad, a HTML editor and other software.

Website-1) www.Tech-For-Text.com/M1 Embedded in webpage: Exponential-Calculator

Website-2) www.Tech-For-Text.com/M2 Embedded in webpage: Integral-Calculus-Calculator

Website-3) www.Tech-for-Text.com/M3 Embedded in webpage: Quadratic-Equation-Calculator

Website-4) www.Tech-For-text.com/M4 Embedded in webpage: Division-Calculator

Website-5) www.Tech-For-Text.com/Clock Embedded in webpage: The Percentage Clock-Calendar

Website-6) www.David100.com/M6 Embedded in webpage: The Shopper's-Calculator

Website-7) www.Tech-For-text.com/M5 Embedded in webpage: Physics Calculator for Molecular Speed

Website-8) www.Tech-For-Text.com/M7 Embedded in webpage: The Online Time Calculator for Adding Hours and Minutes

Website-9) www.Tech-For-Text.com/Budget1 Embedded in webpage: Budget-Rate Calculator

Website-10) www.Tech-For-Text.com/Budget2 Embedded in webpage: Correction Factor Budget Calculators

Website-11) www.TechForText.com/Decision Embedded in webpage: (Very interesting) Decision Channeling Calculator

Website-12) www.TechForText.com/Sphere Embedded in webpage: The Radius-Sphere Calculator

Website-13) www.TechForText.com/Integral Embedded in webpage: A New Type of Integral Calculus Calculator

Website-14) www.TechForText.com/Integral5 Embedded in webpage: Five Term Integral Calculus Calculator

Website-15) www.TechForText.com/MegaIntegrals Embedded in webpage: MegaIntegral Calculus Calculators

Website-16) www.Tech-For-Text.com/Budget2 Embedded in webpage: Correction Factor Budget Calculators

The Utility of Multimedia Documents

The Utility of Multimedia Documents: Multimedia documents have many uses. The concept of online learning involves electronic documents, based on the definition I presented in the beginning of this chapter. If audio and/or video is added to the document, it involves multimedia. Multimedia, is probably more efficient and effective way of learning, when compared to reading text, without any audio or video reinforcement. However, online learning probably is not as effective as conventional classroom studies, especially for younger students. As the concept of online learning develops, it may involve more multimedia, and hopefully high-quality instructional videos, which may result in courses that equal or surpass classroom studies.

Multimedia is especially useful for presenting scientific concepts, because animation can be used to represent moving particles, such as molecules and atoms. Animation is also useful for explaining how mechanical devices work, such as gasoline and steam engines. If you are writing about any of these topics it is a good idea to carry out an Internet search for animations that present the concepts in a dynamic format, which can be linked or embedded in your document.

Additional Information In Regard To the Above, From Other Authors

Additional Information In

Regard To the Above, From Other Authors

If you want more information about the above see the following websites and videos from other authors, by left clicking on the blue links, presented below. If a link fails, enter the blue words into Google’s search engine at www.Google.com. If the link that failed is for a video use www.Video.Google.com.

Words on website: Create, select, edit, or delete a hyperlink

http://office.microsoft.com/en-us/starter-help/create-select-edit-or-delete-a-hyperlink-HP010342381.aspx?CTT=1

Words on website: WYSIWYG implies a user interface that allows the user to view something very similar to the end result while the document is being created

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WYSIWYG

Words on website: NASA Home Multimedia

www.nasa.gov/multimedia

Words on website: How to embed a video into OpenOffice

http://youtu.be/PDgj_e7cdC4

Words on video: Working With Hyperlinks in OpenOffice Writer

http://vodpod.com/watch/811410-working-with-hyperlinks-in-openoffice-writer#

Words on video: Microsoft Publisher Web Design made Easy - Embed Video in Web Page

http://youtu.be/o_wz9C7T_J8

Words on video: How to: Insert a YouTube Video into PowerPoint

http://youtu.be/wuDADh6w9aE

Words on video: How To: Embed HD Youtube Videos Tutorial

http://youtu.be/kVxmgrwoAHk

Words on video: Advantages of e-Learning

www.youtube.com/watch?v=sxUQsKxcOYM&feature=related

Words on video: Future of E-learning

www.youtube.com/watch?v=8GnDDZEUKf0&feature=related

Words on video: Multimedia and Learning

www.youtube.com/watch?v=wec5td6S_dM&feature=related

Words on video: Multimedia Learning Theory

www.youtube.com/watch?v=N2VQRi09tuU&feature=related

Search phrase (with http://office.microsoft.com/en-us) How to create hyperlinks with Microsoft word

http://office.microsoft.com/en-us/results.aspx?&ex=2&qu=How%20to%20create%20hyperlinks%20with%20Microsoft%20word

Search phrase (with www.AOL.com ) How to create hyperlinks with Microsoft word

http://search.aol.com/aol/search?enabled_terms=&s_it=comsearch51&q=How+to+create+hyperlinks+with+Microsoft+word

Search phrase (with www.Bing.com ) Creating hyperlinks

http://www.bing.com/search?q=Creating+hyperlinks&go=&qs=n&form=QBLH&pq=creating+hyperlinks&sc=8-19&sp=-1&sk=

Search phrase (with www.Bing.com ) How to embed videos

http://www.bing.com/search?q=How+to+embed+videos&go=&qs=n&form=QBLH&pq=how+to+embed+videos&sc=8-19&sp=-1&sk=

Video Search phrase (with www.youtube.com ) How to embed videos

http://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=How+to+embed+videos&oq=How+to+embed+videos&aq=f&aqi=g9&aql=&gs_sm=3&gs_upl=3693l3693l0l8473l1l1l0l0l0l0l163l163l0.1l1l0

Chapter 4) Interactive Electronic Documents, and Related Concepts

Chapter 4) Interactive Electronic Documents,

And Related Concepts

Section 11) What are Interactive Documents?

Based on the way that I am using the terminology, *interactive documents are electronic documents that require the user to enter data, which is processed by related software for a specific purpose, such as for transmission over the Internet; for mathematical calculations; and computerized teaching devices, which check the accuracy of the input provided by the student. Interactive documents usually provide varying degrees of feedback for the user, based on the data he or she entered. (*Note the word interactive is sometimes used for very simple interactivity, such as clicking on a hyperlink, or pressing a button. This involves entering a request, such as to go to another webpage, or to start a video. In a certain sense this is data entered by the user, which is processed by the computer. However, almost all websites have this type of simple interactivity, and based on the way that I am using the terminology this does not define an interactive document.) There are many types of interactive documents, and three common examples are presented below:

Web forms, which I call Website communication forms

Web forms, which I call Website communication forms: These devices are also called website forms. The user enters information in these forms, and then clicks on a submit button to transmit the information to a central location. The form can be a job application, a survey, and evaluation or assessment test, request for tech support, or a general form on a website for any type of message. This topic is discussed in more detail in later sections, with examples of web forms I created.

Software-based calculation devices

Software-based calculation devices: This type of software requires the user to enter numbers, and the device performs the calculations, and presents the results to the user. There are many variations and varieties of these devices, and many of them function online. The calculations can range from simple arithmetic, two sequences of highly complex calculations involving algebra, trigonometry and calculus. Software-based calculation devices are discussed in more detail in a later section, with examples of calculation devices I created.

Interactive educational software

Interactive educational software: Interactive educational software presents a set of questions, or math problems to students. The student attempts answer the questions or to solve the problems and the software indicates if the answers or solutions are correct. The more sophisticated devices in this category, respond to incorrect answers by providing additional information to help the student master the material.

Additional Information In Regard To the Above, From Other Authors

Additional Information In

Regard To the Above, From Other Authors

If you want more information about the above see the following websites and videos from other authors, by left clicking on the blue links, presented below. If a link fails, enter the blue words into Google’s search engine at www.Google.com. If the link that failed is for a video use www.Video.Google.com.

Words on website: “A webform on a web page allows a user to enter data that is sent to a server for processing.”

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Form_(web)

Words on website: Email Me Form is a free online form generator service

www.emailmeform.com

Words on website: Awesome, Easy-to-Use Web Forms, Straight Outta’ the Box.

www.coffeecup.com/web-form-builder

Words on website: Use 123ContactForm free form builder to create powerful online web forms in 3 easy steps. No programming skills are required, just drag and drop fields on your web form.

www.123contactform.com

Words on website: Web Form Validation

www.smashingmagazine.com/2009/07/07/web-form-validation-best-practices-and-tutorials

Words on website: Free Online Scientific Calculator

www.mathopenref.com/calculator.html

Words on website: Online Calculator and Math Help

www.ecalc.com

Words on website: Programmed learning

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programmed_learning

Words on website: How to create interactive PDF forms

www.thedesigncubicle.com/2008/12/how-to-create-interactive-pdf-forms-to-impress-your-clients

Words on video: Creating Interactive Documents

http://tv.adobe.com/watch/csinsider-design/creating-interactive-documents

Section 12) Website Forms for Communicating From Websites, and Related Concepts

Section 12) Website Forms for Communicating

From Websites, and Related Concepts

Website

Website communication forms are a common type of interactive document. They are usually call website forms, or web forms, and they are generally used to transmit information from consumers to businesses or to government agencies. Web forms are primarily used to collect various types of information from the general public. The information is generally entered in the form of text, and/or by clicking on checkboxes. After the information has been entered the user clicks on a submit button to transmit the information to the designated source. Website communication forms of this type are used for job applications, for surveys, for Internet-based examinations, to request assistance from tech support, etc. Some of these communication forms are several pages in length, such as the online version of the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA). The forms that are used for making purchases over the Internet, by entering name, address and credit card number are another example of a website communication form. These forms are widely used because they have a number of advantages over hardcopy forms, which are explained in the following paragraphs.

When a web form is placed in an Internet advertisement, it might be more effective than placing an e-mail address in the ad. This is because sending an e-mail requires more effort, which includes logging into an e-mail account. In addition the e-mails that the potential customer sees in his or her e-mail account can be distracting, which can lessen the effectiveness of an advertisement.

Another advantage, over conventional e-mail is web forms can offer a considerable degree of protection from unwanted e‑mails. Even when, a web form is programmed to send the messages to a designated e-mail address, there is little chance that unwanted e-mails will be received, because the e-mail address itself is not displayed publicly. If there is any concern in this regard, or when additional security is required, a very complicated and awkward e-mail address can be created for the web form, consisting of a long set of random numbers and Letters. This is feasible assuming the e-mail address will only be used for the web form. Of course, it is still possible to get unwanted e-mails if individuals enter messages directly in a web form. However, if the web form is going to be used by a designated group of people, such as employees or members of an organization, the difficulty of unwanted e-mails can be eliminated by creating login mechanisms for web forms.

Web forms can be designed to restrict the nature the message, such as by asking very specific questions that are answered with a yes or no, on a checkbox. This is useful for job applications, surveys, and consumer-based evaluations of products or services. However, it is probably a good idea in many cases to provide a section where users of the web form can type in a detailed message, when necessary.

Web forms are usually easier to fill out than conventional hardcopy forms. If there is an error in a hardcopy form, it can be difficult to erase, and it may be necessary to start the work over again with a fresh copy of the form. If a consumer makes an error in a web form, he or she can simply delete the error and enter the correct information.

The less than optimal quality, of commonly used web forms

The less than optimal quality, of commonly used web forms: Most of the web forms that I have seen, have relatively small fonts, a limited amount of space to enter text, and are unattractive, with the colors limited to white, gray and black. The small size of the web form does not appear to be based on spatial limitations of the webpage, because it is not uncommon to see a considerable amount of empty space around the form, which could have been used to create a bigger web form, with larger fonts and more space to enter text. In addition, the concept of spatial limitations that apply to hardcopy does not apply to websites, assuming the website is on a typical commercial web server.

The above is essentially a set of user UNFRIENDLY design concepts, which is not really much of a problem when a web form is a simple one page document. However, these design concepts are often applied to complex web forms that have a number of pages. This may be coupled with a series of poorly written questions, and/or related instructions that are too brief to provide adequate information for people that do not already know how to fill out the form. All of this might occasionally result in a couple of hours of work, for the consumer, which would have required only a few minutes, if the form was designed optimally. However, most of the website forms are more convenient, and more efficient than conventional hardcopy forms, even if they are not designed optimally.

The above suggests the question: What is an optimally design web form. To answer such a question scientifically, it would be necessary to create a variety of web forms, and test them out on groups of consumers. However, in the next section I present web forms that I created with a set of user-friendly design concepts that are based on common sense, and my experience with filling out web forms.

Section 13) Design Concepts for Website Forms, Based on Devices I Created

Section 13) Design Concepts for Website

Forms, Based on Devices I Created

I have created a number of website communication forms, with design concepts that are the opposite of the user UNFRIENDLY design, discussed in the previous section. Specifically, my design philosophy is to maximize user-friendliness and overall efficiency of web forms, websites, and software. This can be seen in the FIVE website communication forms presented at the end of this paragraph. These web forms were designed with a number of colors, large fonts, and can transmit over 1000 words with the click of a submit button, to a concealed e-mail address that is programmed into the web form. They all have a mechanism that displays the date. The web forms are on their own URLs, and you can access them by clicking on the yellow highlighted links, presented below:

Web Form 1) www.David100.com/Mail This web form I created about three years ago, it is designed with the very simple layout, and it is linked to most of my websites. When a user enters text in this device, and clicks on a submit button, I receive the message in my e-mail in less than three minutes.

NOTE: The following four website communication forms I created for a friend, and they are on his web space and domain. Three of these forms have a balance sheet calculator, which functions online over the Internet. All of these web forms have a few questions for the user to answer, and a section for entering a message, which could be up to 1000 words. They have a print button, so the user can print all the information that he or she entered, before submitting the form. These web forms also have a mechanism that displays the time of day. The time that is displayed is based on when the web form was accessed, or when the last string of text was entered into the form.

Web Form 2) With a few simple questions, and a section to enter a message www.BetterAndBetterBusiness.com/M

If the above link fails, use: www.TechForText.com/BBB

Web Form 3) With a built-in balance sheet calculator, for small, medium-sized, and large businesses www.BetterAndBetterBusiness.com/C

If the above link fails, use: www.TechForText.com/BBB/1

Web Form 4) With a built-in balance sheet calculator for a small www.BetterAndBetterBusiness.com/C1

If the link fails, use: www.TechForText.com/BBB/2

Website-Form 5) With a built-in balance sheet calculator for a small business See: www.BetterAndBetterBusiness.com/C2

If the link fails, use: www.TechForText.com/BBB/3

How I created the five web forms presented above

How I created the five web forms presented above: I created the web forms presented above, with Microsoft Word, Excel, Notepad, an HTML editor, and other software, which provides far more versatility than conventional methods or software used to create web forms. This includes the functionality needed to create almost any size web form to very exact specifications, as well as the versatility needed to create web forms with complex mathematical functionality. The forms that I create, I convert to the JavaScript computer language, using specialized software. JavaScript functions very well over the Internet. After the conversion, to JavaScript the resulting form, usually must be edited in an HTML editor for aesthetics and to improve functionality. However, all of this extra work and complexity is usually worthwhile, and it usually results in a higher quality web form, with almost any style at configuration imaginable.

Section 14) Experiments on Creating Desktop Communication Forms

Section 14) Experiments on Creating

Desktop Communication Forms

I have created a Website comm

As I was writing the previous two sections, on web forms an interesting idea crossed my mind. If we have website communication forms that function directly from a website, why not create a communication form that can function directly from a personal computer. I created devices that were more or less similar to this in the past, and after thinking about this idea for a while, I created a device specifically to communicate from a personal computer to a designated e‑mail address. I am calling this device a Desktop Communication Form, or Desktop Form. This software is similar to a conventional web form, except the owner must distribute copies of the software, to individuals that he or she wants to receive correspondence from.

A Desktop Communication Form provides the functionality of sending an e-mail message, without opening complex software, and without logging into an e-mail account, which can be distracting and time-consuming. Another words, and e-mail could be transmitted with only two clicks with the mouse, one click on an icon to open the Desktop Communication Form, and another click on the submit button to send the message, after it is typed into the form. This software can be used to send messages, even if the user does not have an e‑mail account.

The communication form can be kept open, when there are many messages that must be transmitted throughout the day to an individual, such as to a supervisor, or manager. Timing devices can be incorporated into these forms when they are created, and they can be used to indicate when an employee arrives at work, or leaves work. Devices of this nature can be created with the IP address of a specific computer that the employee uses at work. If the software is used on another computer, in a different location, the IP addresses on the device will not match.

Desktop Communication Forms have other potential uses. For example, examination questions, or math problems can be programmed into these devices, when they are created. With this design, the student answers the questions, and presses a submit button to send the form to an instructor for grading, directly from their computer.

Unfortunately, a specific e-mail address must be programmed into the Desktop Communication Form while it is being created. This means that the form must be created for a specific individual, and it cannot be mass-produced the way conventional software is manufactured. The ideal device would have an input box, so the user can enter any e‑mail address, but with the technology that I am working with at this time, this cannot be done.

If you want to download a Desktop Communication Form with my e-mail address programmed into it, left click on these words. This device is in a zipped folder, and you must remove it from the folder before you use it. You can place it on the Windows desktop, Documents folder, or anywhere else on your computer. To use it, left click on the icon, and it will open. Then enter the message, which can be up to 1000 words. To send a message, you just click on the submit button. You must be connected to the Internet to use this device Incidentally, I created this Desktop Communication Form, by making a few modifications in the web form I have on the following website: www.David100.com/Mail

Chapter 5) My Personal Experience with the Utility and Versatility of the Electronic Format, and Related Concepts

Chapter 5) My Personal Experience with the Utility and

Versatility of the Electronic Format, and Related Concepts

Section 15) Introduction to the Chapter, and Related Concepts

The electronic format provides a great deal of versatility, for creating, displaying, and distributing documents with virtually any type of information, worldwide in a highly efficient and inexpensive way. I display most of my work on websites, and I have found that the electronic format is useful for explaining and illustrating almost any type of material, especially technical, mathematical, and scientific concepts. In this chapter I will illustrate the utility and versatility of the electronic format using my own work as examples. This includes various types of manuscripts, calculation devices embedded in webpages, slideshows, and photographs. This material represents approximately one‑half of the work I completed over the last few years, which includes 64 websites, with more than 300,000 words, and 20 software devices that perform various types of calculations over the Internet. All of the above is accessible in this chapter, with a series of hyperlinks, to the 64 websites. (NOTE The websites are numbered for convenience in THIS CHAPTER, from 1 to 64. Some of this material was used in other sections of this e‑book to illustrate specific concepts. )

Mathematics and the electronic format

Mathematics and the electronic format: The electronic format is especially useful for writing detailed mathematical expressions. See the 19,000 word e-book on Website 1) www.TechForText.com/Electronic-Math-Documents Mathematics can also be illustrated in an interactive JavaScript format, which allows the users to change the numbers over the Internet. When this is done, the entire expression recalculates. This is very useful for illustrating mathematical concepts using the numbers the user enters. See the interactive software at Website 2) www.TechForText.com/Interactive-Math

Hyperlinks are one of the most useful features of the electronic format

Hyperlinks are one of the most useful features of the electronic format: I have found the hyperlink functionality available with the electronic format extremely useful. When I write about a topic, I often provide links to websites created by other authors, to provide my readers with additional information, multiple perspectives, articles, e‑books, instructional videos, and open source software. I have found that using hyperlinks in this way overcomes the limitations of written language, especially when instructional videos are used to reinforce the text.

It is very easy to hyperlink Text to an instructional video, but videos as well as JavaScript software can also be embedded directly into a webpage. Embedding videos and software into a webpage has some advantages and disadvantages when compared to hyperlinks. See the 3400 word multimedia website presented below, which explains some of the advantages and disadvantages of hyperlinks and embedding. This e-book has three embedded calculation devices, and 20 embedded videos. The videos are from YouTube and they deal with iframes, embedding, and related concepts. Website 3)www.TechForText.com/Reinforce-Your-Writing-with-Multimedia

Hyperlinks are also very useful to move from one section of a website to another or even from one section of a webpage to another. In fact, many of the websites I created have a hyperlink table of contents, with a layout similar to a conventional book. With this feature, the users can left click on any heading in the table of contents, to go to the section of the website that they want to read. The e‑book you are now reading has a hyperlink table of contents, and if you want to see it, left click on these words.

Hyperlinking to sound recording of the text

Hyperlinking to sound recording of the text: I created a number of websites that contain conventional text, with an alternative audio narration of the text. This design concept offers the user the choice: of reading or listening to the text. If the user wants to listen to the narration of the text he or she left clicks on a hyperlink to start the sound recording. The websites presented at the end of this paragraph are good examples, of manuscripts created with this text and audio narration concept.

NOTE: Before accessing any of the following websites you should have your computer speakers or headphones turned on. After you have clicked on a hyperlink to start a sound recording it may take anywhere from a couple of seconds to over one minute before the sound recording starts. You may also have to click on a link from your browser, to permit the sound recording to start. If the sound recording does not start it means that your speakers are not connected, your security software is blocking the sound file, or you do not have the software that is required to use the sound files.

Website 4) www.David100.com/A This website is also accessible from: www.TechForText.com/X/A ) The title of this short e-book is: 3643 Words on The Practical Use of Multimedia, with Text-To-Speech Software. When the website opens, scroll down about one half of a screen, and you will see a link to start the sound file, which looks like the following, but it is much larger: LEFT CLICK ON THIS TEXT. The above is a very interesting website, and all of the sound recording is on one file.

Website 5) www.Tech-For-Text.com ) This website is also accessible from: www.TechForText.com/T

This website contains three hyperlinks to listen to three short sound recordings. Each link activates an audio narration for part one 7:29 min, part two 5:59 min, and part three 2:25 min. The links to start the sound recordings are on the top of the webpage.

The following four manuscripts were initially created for formal coursework. Months after I completed these courses, I decided to convert the manuscripts into websites with audio narrations of the text, and a hyperlink table of contents. The four manuscripts are quite lengthy, and they contain OVER a quarter-million words, but each manuscript is on one long HTML webpage. The precise word count of the four manuscripts totals to 291,120* words, all of which are presented with audio narrations, as well as conventional text. (*The word count was obtained with the function in Microsoft Word.)

Website 6) www.Tech-for-text.com/MT This is also accessible from: www.TechForText.com/T/MT This website is a 103,189 Word e‑book On: A Practical and Creative View of Management and Organizational Behavior. Each of the 14 chapters in this book contains a blue link to start an audio narration for the chapter. In addition there is a blue link on the very top of the website, which starts a brief introduction to the book. The book has a hyperlinked table of contents in the first section of the book.

Website 7) www.Tech-For-Text.com/S This is also accessible from: www.TechForText.com/T/S This website is a 108,929 Word e-book, with the title: Social Psychology A Critical and Creative View. Each of the 19 chapters in this book contains a blue link to start an audio narration for the chapter. In addition there is a blue link on the very top of the website, which starts a brief introduction to the book. The book has a hyperlinked table of contents in the first section.

Website 8) www.Tech-for-text.com/P This is also accessible from: www.Tech-for-text.com/T/P This website contains an e‑book with the title: 67,782 Words On: A Critical and Creative View of Psychology and Related Concepts. Each of the 26 chapters in this book contains a blue link to start an audio narration for the chapter. In addition there is a blue link on the very top of the website, which starts a brief introduction to the book. This e‑ book has a hyperlinked table of contents in the first section of the book, but much of it is in a rough draft state.

Website 9) www.Tech-for-text.com/W This is also accessible from: www.Tech-for-text.com/T/W This website is a short E-book with 11,220 Words on: Writing Articles for Publication. The links for the sound recordings in this e-book are presented in the introduction, and in five headings listed in the table of contents. There is a blue link on the very top of the website, which starts a brief introduction to the book.

Section 16) Electronic Documents with Calculation Devices that I Created

Section 16) Electronic Documents with

Calculation Devices that I Created

The hyperlinks to the electronic documents in this section have various types of embedded calculation devices, and most of these documents also have many lines of text for instructions and related concepts. I created these devices to carry out various types of mathematics, such as algebra, arithmetic, calculus, time calculations, and trigonometry. I initially created these calculation devices with Microsoft Excel, but I electronically converted them to the JavaScript computer language, with specialized software. This provides the functionality needed to embed the JavaScript code, into the body of an HTML webpage, with Notepad or a standard HTML editor.

The JavaScript computer language can be interpreted by almost any web browser. All of the websites presented below have calculation devices comprise of JavaScript code, which means they can function directly over the Internet. Some of the following websites also have calculation devices in the Microsoft Excel and/or OpenOffice Calc format. These devices must be downloaded before they are used, and they require Excel or OpenOffice Calc to function.

Some of the calculation devices listed below were created for demonstration purposes, but many of them were designed for practical utility, such as solving a homework problem that involves a quadratic equation, calculating a budget, or checking grocery bills. Most of the devices listed below, were created from December 2008 to January 2010.

Website 10) www.Tech-For-Text.com/M1 Exponential-Calculator

Website 11) www.Tech-For-Text.com/M2 Integral-Calculus-Calculator

Website 12) www.Tech-For-Text.com/M3 Quadratic-Equation-Calculator

Website 13) www.Tech-For-Text.com/Budget/Addition/Addition.htm A simple device for addition

Website 14) www.Tech-For-Text.com/M4 Division-Calculator

Website 15) www.Tech-For-Text.com/Clock The Percentage Clock-Calendar

Website-16) www.David100.com/M6 The Shopper's-Calculator

Website 17) www.Tech-For-text.com/M5 Physics Calculator for Molecular Speed

Website-18) www.Tech-For-Text.com/M7 The Online Time Calculator for Adding Hours and Minutes

Website 19) www.Tech-For-Text.com/Budget1 Budget-Rate Calculator

Website 20) www.Tech-For-Text.com/Budget2 Correction Factor Budget Calculator

Website 21) www.TechForText.com/Interest The Compound Interest Calculator

Website 22) www.TechForText.com/Decision (Very interesting) Decision Channeling Calculator

Website 23) www.TechForText.com/Sphere The Radius-Sphere Calculator

Website 24) www.TechForText.com/Integral A New Type of Integral Calculus Calculator

Website 25) www.TechForText.com/Integral5 Five Term Integral Calculus Calculator

Website 26) www.TechForText.com/MegaIntegrals MegaIntegral Calculus Calculator

Website 27) www.TechForText.com/Trig Description of Multiple Trigonometric Calculator

Website 28) www.TechForText.com/Trig1 Multiple Trigonometric Calculator: Note this Calculator is ABOUT 8 FEET LONG, from left to right, and to see it all scroll from left to right, with the arrow key.

Website 29) www.Tech-For-Text.com/Budget A manuscript and a number of calculation devices for budgeting

Website-30) www.Tech-For-Text.com/Budget1 This website provides a unique budget calculator: for total income and expenses

Website-31) www.Tech-For-Text.com/Budget2 This website contains a special calculation device for planning and carrying out a budget. The devices compares your budget plans, with the way you actually carried out your budget, and then numbers are calculated that tell you how accurately you predicted expenses, and how well you followed your budget.

Section 17) Internet Slideshows that I created with PowerPoint 2003

Section 17) Internet Slideshows that

I Created with PowerPoint 2003

The following five websites contain PowerPoint slideshows, which will function over the Internet if you have Internet Explorer, and PowerPoint on your computer. (NOTE: PowerPoint 2003 does not function over the Internet with most of the browsers I tested. It did not even function with the 64-bit version of Internet Explorer. It only worked with the conventional Internet Explorer, which is 32-bit.) If you do not have Internet Explorer on your computer, you can download it from Microsoft for free, by left clicking on the link that follows this paragraph. If you do not have PowerPoint on your computer, you can download the free PowerPoint viewer from Microsoft, by left clicking on the link at the end of this paragraph.

Download Internet Explorer http://www.microsoft.com/download/en/default.aspx If this link fails do a Google search with the phrase in red type.

Download Microsoft PowerPoint Viewer http://www.microsoft.com/download/en/details.aspx?id=13 If this link fails do a Google search with the phrase in red type.

NOTE: As soon as you access any of the PowerPoint websites, you should press the F11 key, for a full screen. After leaving the website, you can return your screen to the conventional settings by pressing the F11 key once again.

Website 37) www.Tech-For-Text.com/AA Also accessible from www.TechForText.com/X/AA: This website presents an abstract artistic concept, with a series of related three dimensional drawings that change progressively from one slide to another, in terms of color, and shape. I created the drawings with the functions from Microsoft Office, which are available in PowerPoint. The slides are preprogrammed to start automatically, and to change after a few seconds to the next slide in the sequence. At the end of the sequence the slideshow is automatically repeated. I developed this concept by experimentation, and this was the first slideshow I created based on abstract geometric forms.

Website 38) www.Tech-For-Text.com/BB Also accessible from www.TechForText.com/X/BB: This website contains the same concept as above, but it has sound effects as well. With this slideshow, the drawings start out with two discs, and gradually increase until the entire screen is filled with discs, and cones. Then there is a gradual reduction in elements, until there is only one cone, which changes color and progressively shrinks away from one slide to another.

Website-39) www.Tech-For-Text.com/CC Also accessible from www.TechForText.com/X/CC This website contains the same artistic concept as above, but it is more developed. In this slideshow there are sound effects, and after a number of changes in color and shape the slides start to become progressively simpler with fewer elements, until there is nothing remaining.

Website 40) www.David100.com/1 Also accessible from www.TechForText.com/X/1 This website contains an article I wrote on: Photographing Fish with Digital Photography and a related PowerPoint slideshow. The article is on the opening page which is Www.david100.com/1. The PowerPoint slideshow can be accessed from the home page, or directly with the following link: http://goo.gl/oylbI (This is a case-sensitive URL)

Website 41) www.david100.com/2 Also accessible from www.TechForText.com/X/2 Photographing Animals, with Digital Photography, at the Bronx Zoo The opening page of this website is www.david100.com/2 You can access the slideshow directly, by left clicking on the following link: http://goo.gl/6v4Kr (This is a case-sensitive URL)

Section 18) Using PowerPoint to Create Tutorials

PowerPoint is very useful for creating tutorials, especially when a series of steps are involved to perform a task, obtain a goal, or to solve a problem. This can involve a single step presented in each slide. This is especially useful for tutorials for software and computer operation, which usually involve a series of clearly defined steps. Each of these steps can be recorded with a screenshot, and inserted into a PowerPoint slide, which is how the tutorial presented on the end of the section was created.

Another way that tutorials can be created with PowerPoint is to present a problem or question on one slide for a student to solve or answer, and in the following slide the correct solution or answer is presented. This can include detailed information or solutions that are illustrated in a step-by-step way. This is especially useful for creating tutorials involving mathematics, physics, and chemistry. Tutorials that are created in this way more or less provide program learning.

When PowerPoint is used to create a tutorial, the slides usually should NOT be set to change automatically, with the exceptions listed in the next paragraph. The student can easily go from one slide to another by clicking with the mouse. If the slides are set to change automatically, it is usually best to set the time intervals between slides to 30 seconds or LONGER. Even when slides are set to change automatically they can be changed at a faster pace by left clicking with the mouse, anywhere on the slide.

PowerPoint can also be used to present a series of test questions at a specific rate of speed. This can be useful when speed is significant in the learning and/or grading process, and it is a very precise way of presenting a series of questions or problems at a precise speed. This technique also can be useful for practicing speed in relation to any task that can be represented in a PowerPoint slide, including mathematics problems, and answering questions. This technique can also be used to create speed reading tutorials. This would involve a few lines of text presented in a series of slides, which are presented at a rate of speed that will challenge the students.

Presented below are links to a tutorial created with PowerPoint. There are two versions of this tutorial one where each slide is numbered, and the other version does not have any numbers. The numbers actually take up a significant portion of the screen, and are not aesthetically pleasing. However, the version that has numbers provides superior functionality for a tutorial, because the student can easily return to any slide in the tutorial by clicking on a number with the mouse. Thus, it is usually best to create PowerPoint tutorials with numbers.

Website 42) www.Tech-For-Text.com/EX Also accessible from www.TechForText.com/T/EX This website explains how to create a template with Excel 2003, which can generates seven-day diaries, until the year 9999. This is illustrated in a diagram and also in a step-by-step tutorial created with PowerPoint. The slides are manually controlled with the mouse, which provides better utility for a tutorial. You can also access the tutorial from this website by left clicking on one of the links below.

NOTE: The slides can take anywhere from 1 to 6 seconds to load, which depends on the speed of your Internet connection and computer. While a slide is loading you will see a white or blank section where the slide will be displayed. To change from one slide to another, left click with the mouse anywhere on the screen. Keep in mind that PowerPoint will only function over the Internet with Internet Explorer.

You can go directly to the Tutorial without
numbers with this link: http://goo.gl/m7Cr5

You can go directly to the Tutorial with

numbers with this link:http://goo.gl/njAtx

INTERESTING NOTE, on functional and dysfunctional learning strategies, for computer operation, and mathematics

INTERESTING NOTE, on functional and dysfunctional learning strategies, for computer operation, and mathematics: To create the device mentioned above, (which generates seven-day diaries), requires over 300 steps. This is obvious if you examine the tutorial that has each slide numbered. This task was divided into very simple steps for people that have little experience with Microsoft Excel. If I was creating this tutorial for an expert user, I would combine the simple steps into a few complex steps, such as create a rectangle with seven columns, two rows, and insert appropriate date code. The expert would know exactly how to write the code, and where to insert it.

Most computer operations are comprised of many tiny steps, which can number into the hundreds, thousands, or even tens of thousands, especially if you are creating software. The same applies to many other tasks, such as solving mathematics, physics, and chemistry problems. Some students attempt to learn these subjects by memorizing a series of steps, without developing the cognitive understanding needed to work out the steps themselves. It is usually not feasible to blindly memorize thousands of steps, with computer operation, mathematics or any other subject. However, memorizing a set of steps, combined with the knowledge needed to work out the steps, and modify them for each problem, is a productive learning strategy. I usually work out each formula, step, and related formatting code, for each and every device I create, which is necessary because most of the devices I create are my own inventions, including the device that generates seven-day diaries, which was discussed two paragraphs above.

A NOTE ON am alternative to PowerPoint

A NOTE ON am alternative to PowerPoint: There are many alternatives to PowerPoint and one of the most popular is Adobe Flash which can be generated with many applications. Adobe Flash is superior to PowerPoint for the Internet, because it will function in almost any browser, providing the computer has the Adobe Flash Player installed. If it is not installed the user receives an error message and is automatically directed to a download facility to obtain the flash player.

Another alternative to PowerPoint is obtained in the free OpenOffice.org software package, which has presentation software that is equivalent to PowerPoint, but it is open source free software. OpenOffice presentation software can open PowerPoint presentations. In addition, it has an export function that provides the functionality needed to convert presentations into Flash. If you want to download this free software package, you can obtain it from the website listed below:

www.OpenOffice.org

Section 19) Some of the Simpler Websites I Created

In this section I present links to some of the simpler websites that I have created three or four years ago. Some of these websites originally had sound files that started automatically, as soon as the website was opened. This feature was originally tested with several browsers, and it worked fine three or four years ago. However, many of the newer browsers do not allow these recordings to start. This is probably because many people do not like or expect sound recordings to start automatically when they click on a link to open a website.

Website-43) http://mysite.verizon.net/vze7hyuc/index.html This website I created several years ago, with a more or less conventional style. I built this website with construction software provided with my DSL account from Verizon. The web space and domain is provided by Verizon without any additional charge with the DSL account, but the space is limited to a couple of megabytes. (Most of my websites are on my own domains, with 150 GB of commercial server space I rent by the year.)

The following websites advertise my services. There are two versions of each of the websites one version was designed with yellow text, and a black background, which is essentially a NIGHT THEME. The other version was designed with black text, on a light background, can be thought of as a DAYLIGHT THEME. The websites designed with the NIGHT THEME, look quite interesting and attractive.

Website-44) www.TechForText.com