Timing-Devices-Created-with-Spreadsheet-Software

Created by David Alderoty © 2012

 

 

To contact the author (David Alderoty) use this

e‑mail address: David@TechForText.com, or left click

on the link below for a website communication form.

 

Link for a Website Communication Form

 

 

30 DEVICES THAT RELATE TO TIME CREATED FOR DEMONSTRATION

 AND EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES, WITH MICROSOFT EXCEL

 

 This website provides 30 devices that measure time in one form or another, created with Microsoft Excel,  for demonstration and educational purposes.  This includes, clocks, clocks for multiple time zones, elapsed timers, project planners that calculate a series of dates, etc.  Devices of this nature are useful for planning and time management.

 

This website also provides links to a number of other websites created by the author that provide free downloads of various types of practical timing devices, and information on time management.  The main page where most of these websites are listed is www.TechForText.com/Time

 

On this website: some of the concepts needed to create various types of timing devices with spreadsheet software are explained.  However, this website does not provide detailed step-by-step instructions on how to create the timing devices, but a spreadsheet with the formulas can be downloaded, for those who want to study the techniques used to create the devices presented on this website.  In addition, links to websites and videos created by a number of other authors, are provided for additional information.

 

 

About The Javascript Software on This Website,

And How To Download The Excel Version

 

Below there are 30 timing devices that were originally created with Microsoft Excel, but they were electronically converted to JavaScript so that they can function over the Internet, in conventional web browsers. If you are interested in studying the formulas and code used to create the software, you can obtain the original Excel version by downloading a zipped folder, by clicking on the link presented below.  The zipped folder contains a total of four versions for Excel 2003, and 2007-2010.  Two of the Excel files, with the words Formula-Study, provide direct access to the formulas and code, used to create this software.  Keep in mind that some of the formulas were specially designed to create this software, and will not function in conventional spreadsheets.  (The Excel devices require Windows and Microsoft Excel.)

 

Left click here to download the zipped folder

Remove the software from the folder before you use it

 

      If you are an expert with spreadsheet software, you can obtain all the information you need to create various types of timing devices, by reading the following material, and downloading and studying the files in the zipped folder, mentioned above.  If you do not have expert knowledge and skills with spreadsheet software, the following material should be interesting nevertheless, and it will most likely facilitate the development of your knowledge and skills in this field. 

 

 

Important Concepts about Timing Devices

Created With Spreadsheet Software

 

It is important to understand that timing devices that were created with Microsoft Excel, or similar spreadsheet software, must be updated to obtain the correct time and date.  For example, if a timing device created with spreadsheet software is opened on your computer on August 23, 2012, at 4:26 PM, it will indicate the above time and date.  This date and time will not change, even if you leave the software opened on your computer for a week, unless you update it.  You can update the spreadsheet versions either by entering or deleting numbers, and clicking with the mouse, or by opening and closing the software.  When a JavaScript timing device is created with spreadsheet software, the exact same concept applies.  That is the software will not register any changes in date or time unless it is updated as indicated above.   However, with the JavaScript versions, I often provide an update button, which the user can press to update the date and time.

      All of the above usually does not result in any practical problems, because most people frequently open and close software, and/or enter or delete data, which automatically updates the time and date.  When this is a problem, alternative timing software should be used.  

 

Another Important Note

 

The date and time displayed on the timing devices created with spreadsheet software, including JavaScript versions, access the date and time on your computer's clock.  Thus, if the time and date on your computer is incorrect, the date and time on the spreadsheet and JavaScript software will also be incorrect.  If the timing mechanism on your computer malfunctions, this will also be reflected in the time and date displayed by the software.

 

Formatting Code for Time and Dates

One of the most confusing aspects of Microsoft Excel, and other advanced spreadsheet software, is the way the formatting code, effects the calculated results presented to the user.  Most people think of formatting code only in terms of aesthetics, which may contribute to the confusion.  For example, when the formatting code [$‑F800]dddd, mmmm dd, yyyy is applied to the date 6/16/2012, you will obtain Saturday, June 16, 2012.  However, if you apply the formatting code #,##0 to 6/16/2012 you will obtain 41,076*.  (The first 13 devices on this website are designed to demonstrate the Microsoft Excel formatting code in relation to time.)   

      There are a number of other aspects about the formatting code that can be confusing.  There are essentially a limitless number of ways of writing formatting code for time and dates, and the exact way of creating such code is determined by the desired result.  The code is placed in a special dialog box, in Microsoft Excel, and not directly in the formulas.  The dialog box can be access by pressing the 1 key, WHILE HOLDING DOWN THE Ctrl key.  (See the Internet links, below to learn how to write and use formatting code.)

      *The number above 41,076 has meaning, which may not be obvious to most people that use Microsoft Excel.  It obviously, relates to the date 6/16/2012, but in what way?  The answer is Microsoft Excel, OpenOffice Calc, and other advanced spreadsheet software, handle dates and time in a way that is similar to the method used by most computer languages.  Specifically, the computer can handle dates and time most efficiently, if it has a zero point, for the calculations.  The zero point that is used by Microsoft Excel is 12 AM, January 1, 1900.  To some people, this may seem strange, because the zero point is over 112 years from the present point in time.  However, it works very well, and it provides the functionality for carrying out precise computerized date and time measurements and calculations.

      Microsoft Excel uses a 24-hour day as a standard unit for all time measurements and calculations, and this is converted to appropriate units with various types of formatting code, such as years, months, days of the week, hours, minutes, and seconds.  These conversions can also be performed with built-in spreadsheet formulas, and/or with manually devise formulas based on arithmetic.  For example, multiplying days by 24 converts the result to hours.

      Two of the most important formulas for creating timing devices are the =TODAY() and the =NOW().  The =TODAY() formula, counts the number of days from January 1 1900 to the present date.  With the default formatting code in a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet, this is converted to the present date, which is displayed as month/day/year, such as: 6/16/2012.  The other formula =NOW() counts the number of days from 12 AM January 1, 1900, to the present date, *WITH A PRECISION OF 10 DECIMAL PLACES.  For example, the yellow highlighted section of the following number represents the date, and the black highlighted section represent the time of day. 

                     Date---> 41,076.7144461806<--Time

  Saturday, June 16, 2012,5:08:48 PM        



Experimental Timers

 

*NOTE: Some of the experimental elapse timers I created with Microsoft Excel can register time down to a fraction of a nanosecond.  (A nanosecond is 1 billionth of a second.)  Below there are several experimental timing devices in the JavaScript format, that were originally created with Excel.  This includes devices 23 to 27, which keep track of time in milliseconds (1000 of a second), in microseconds, (one-millionth of a second), in nanoseconds, and in picoseconds (one-trillionth of a second).  I do not have the equipment to measure the degree of accuracy of these devices, which is the reason I classify them as experimental devices.  The accuracy of timing devices of this nature will most likely be influenced by the computer and operating system.  The JavaScript versions might be more accurate than the Excel versions, if they are viewed on a powerful computer running Linux, without any superfluous software running in the background. 

        Keep in mind that timing devices created with Excel, including the JavaScript versions, must be updated so the computed can calculate and display the change in time.  The JavaScript versions presented below have update buttons for this purpose.

 

Additional Information and

Resources From Other Authors

 

If you do not have Microsoft Excel, there are two very good open source free alternatives, which can be downloaded from the following websites.  These software packages also include word processing software that is similar to Microsoft Word, and presentation software that is equivalent to PowerPoint.

 

www.OpenOffice.org

 

www.libreOffice.org

 

      There are many good sources on the Internet that provide instruction with Microsoft Excel, and other spreadsheet software.  Videos are especially useful in this regard.  Below, I compiled a short list of websites and videos that provide instruction related to the material I am presenting below. 

 

Words on website:  Custom Cell Formatting in Excel – Few Tips & Tricks

http://chandoo.org/wp/2008/02/25/custom-cell-formatting-in-excel-few-tips-tricks

 

Words on website: Custom Formatting A Number

www.teachexcel.com/excel-help/excel-how-to.php?i=2141#2

 

 

Words on video: How To Custom Format Numbers In Excel

www.youtube.com/watch?v=lDTJbeE7bDc

 

 

Words on video: Excel 2007 Custom Format

www.youtube.com/watch?v=S-qrRRZE1b8

 

      You may want to do your own Internet search for additional information with the following search engines: (tried to follow search phrases  “Microsoft Excel” “Formatting code” “Microsoft Excel” “Formatting code” date time.  Microsoft Excel time and date,  Calculating time with Microsoft Excel 

 

www.google.com,

 

 

www.Aol.com,

 

 

www.microsoft.com

 

 

www.Bing.com 

 

 

www.spreadsheetconverter.com/excel-search.htm (This is a search engine especially designed for accessing information on Microsoft Excel, and related topics.  It also works quite well for obtaining information on OpenOffice Calc.)

 

www.Video.Google.com  This is a Google search engine for videos.  Videos are often the ideal source of information for Microsoft Excel, mathematics, and any other software.  This is because videos show step-by-step instructions in an animated visual format, which circumvents the limitations of written language.  Another advantage is some of the videos are presented in a series that comprises a complete course on various aspects of spreadsheet software.  However, conventional websites are usually more useful when you already know how to perform a specific software operation, but you need some quick information, such as a required sequence of keystrokes.

 

The following are search pages.  Left click on the blue link on the left side of the screen, to access the search page.  If the link fails, click on the related search engine presented in parentheses and insert the indicated search phrase.

 

“Custom formatting code” in Microsoft Excel (www.Google.com )

 

 

Custom formatting code” in Microsoft Excel ) www.spreadsheetconverter.com/excel-search.htm

 

 

Custom formatting code in Microsoft Excel (www.Video.Google.com )

 

 

Time and dates in Microsoft Excel  (www.Google.com )

 

 

Time and dates in Microsoft Excel (www.Aol.com)

 

 

Mr. Excel for Videos on Microsoft Excel This webpage is one of the most useful sources of videos that deal with all aspects of Microsoft Excel.  If the link above fails do a search with www.YouTube.com, and use the word Mr. Excel as a search phrase.

 

 

Excel Magic Tricks This webpage is another very useful source of videos for information about all aspects of Microsoft Excel.  If the link above fails do a search with www.YouTube.com, and use the word Excel Magic Tricks as a search phrase.

 

 

 

The Following Software Was

Created By David Alderoty © 2012

 

For a printer friendly version of the software,

Without the introductory text, left click on these words.

 

                                                                                                                                     
  For the correct time, and date with any of the following devices, you must press an update button, unless you just open the software. Opening and closing the software also automatically updates the time and date.  
   
   
Spreadsheet Formulas for Time with Different Formatting Code
  The following 13 devices ILLUSTRATE THE RESULT OF DIFFERENT FORMATTING CODE, with the following spreadsheet formulas =TODAY(), =Now(), =NOW()-TODAY(), and =1-(NOW()-TODAY())
 
 
 
 
     
      Device 1)      
  This is created with the =TODAY() function and the following formatting code:  
  Default (An Excel spreadsheet that was not modified )  
   
  The red type above is today's date, written month/day/year  
             
     
      Device 2)      
  This is created with the =TODAY() function and the following formatting code:  
  [$-F800]dddd, mmmm dd, yyyy  
   
  The red type above is today's date, presented in words  
             
             
      Device 3)      
  This is created with the =TODAY() function, and the following formatting code:  
  #,##0  
   
  The red type above is the number of days from January 1 1900, to the present date  
  The above does not include fractions of a day  
             
     
      Device 4)      
  This is created with the =NOW() function, and the following formatting code:  
  Default (An Excel spreadsheet that was not modified )  
   
  The red type above is today's date, written month/day/year, and time in military format  
             
     
      Device 5)      
  This is created with the =NOW() function, and the following formatting code:  
  dddd, mmmm dd, yyyy, h:mm:ss AM/PM  
   
  The red type above is today's date, presented in words, and the time of day  
             
     
      Device 6)      
  This is created with the =NOW() function, and the following formatting code:  
  [$-F800]dddd, mmmm dd, yyyy  
   
  The red type above is today's date, presented in words  
             
             
      Device 7)      
  This is created with the =NOW() function, and the following formatting code:  
  #,##0  
   
  The red type above is the number of days from January 1 1900, to the present date  
  The above does not include fractions of a day  
             
     
      Device 8)      
  This is created with the =NOW() function, and the following formatting code:  
  #,##0.0000000000  
   
  The red type above is the number of days from January 1 1900, to the present date  
  The above includes fractions of a day, calculated to 10 decimal places  
             
     
      Device 9)      
  =NOW()-TODAY functions displayed with the following formatting code:  
  #,##0.0000000000  
   
  Red type above is the portion of the day that has passed, calculated to 10 decimal places  
  At exactly 12 PM, the above will the equal to one-half or 0.5  
             
     
      Device 10)      
  =NOW()-TODAY functions displayed with the following formatting code:  
  0.0000000000%  
   
  The red type above is the PERCENT of the day that has passed.  
  This is calculated to 10 decimal places. At exactly 12 PM, the above will be 50%  
             
     
      Device 11)      
  =1-(NOW()-TODAY) functions Displayed with the following formatting code:  
  #,##0.0000000000  
   
  The red type above is the portion of the day that remains, calculated to 10 decimal places  
  At exactly 12 PM, the above will the equal to one-half or 0.5  
             
     
      Device 12)      
  =1-(NOW()-TODAY) functions Displayed with the following formatting code:  
  0.0000000000%  
   
  The red type above is the PERCENT of the day that remains.  
  This is calculated to 10 decimal places. At exactly 12 PM, the above will be 50%  
             
     
      Device 13)      
  =1-(NOW()-TODAY) functions displayed with the following formatting code:  
  h:mm;@  
   
  The red type above is the portion of the day that remains, calculated in hours and minutes  
  At exactly 12 PM, the above will the equal to 12:00  
             
             
Digital Clocks for Local And International Time
  The following 4 items are clocks for local and/or international time. This includes devices 14, 14, 16, and 17. You can access a website that provide practical versions of the following clocks, by left clicking on the link below.  
   
   
    www.TechForText.com/clocks    
             
     
      Device 14)      
  A Clock created with Microsoft Excel  
             
       
             
             
             
     
      Device 15)      
  A Date, Time, Clock created with Microsoft Excel  
             
       
             
             
             
             
      Device 16)      
  An ADJUSTABLE Date, Time, Clock Created with Microsoft Excel  
  The clock presented below, is for keeping track of time in foreign countries, or in any locality that is in a different time zone from the area where you reside. The clock below is set for the time in London, based on the time in New York City, (Daylight savings Time). London time is five hours later than the time in New York, based on daylight savings time. If you are viewing this website in California, Beijing, Paris, Kampala, or anywhere else in the world, the time on the clock will be incorrect. If you are viewing the clock, when daylight savings time is not in effect, the time will also be incorrect. However, the time can be adjusted for any locality as explained below:  
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
  With this clock when a positive number is entered in its white input box, such as +5, the time is advanced five hours. If a negative number is entered in the input box, such as -3 the time displayed will be three hours earlier than the time on your computer clock. After adjusting the time, it is necessary to enter the locality in the yellow input box. With the example presented below, the input box has the words: The Time in London, (UK) is: These words can be deleted and you can enter any locality you choose.  
   
   
   
   
   
   
             
     
     
           
       
       
         
             
             
      Device 17)      
  Below, there is a system of nine clocks, for multiple localities, with different time zones. one of the clocks is set to Greenwich Mean Time which controls all of the clocks in the system. This design concept, eliminate some of the disadvantages of the clock presented above, and it also keeps track of eight time zones simultaneously.  
   
   
  The advantage with this design concept is if you move from one time zone to another, you only have to check and readjust the Greenwich Mean Time. The readjustment is necessary for the Greenwich Mean Time because, it is interpreted in terms of the local time on the computer's clock. However, the eight clocks representing different time zones do not have to be readjusted if you move from one locality to another.  
   
   
  NOTE: If you are dealing with a locality that uses daylight savings time, (or the equivalent European Summer Time ) you have to readjust the Greenwich Mean Time. You may also have to adjust some of the other clocks on the system, to compensate for the above. You can check the time in any locality with an Internet search.  
   
  To use this clock, you must set the Greenwich Mean Time, by entering an appropriate number in the white input box in the red section, with the words Greenwich Mean Time (see below). For New York, during daylight savings time, the correct number is -4. This is usually presented as GMT-4:00. Once the Greenwich Mean Time is set, you can set the time zones for specific localities, in a way that is identical to the above. For example, (based on the summer months) California is GMT - 7:00, Texas is GMT-5, New Mexico is GMT-6, Tokyo Japan is GMT+ 9, Rome Italy is GMT+ 2, Sydney Australia is GMT+10 and Bangalore India is GMT+ 5:30. Note, when the number involves a fraction of an hour, enter it in decimals. With the above example, (Bangalore) to enter GMT+ 5:30, enter 5.5.  
   
   
   
  Below each white input box, there is a yellow input box to enter the locality that relates to the time setting, such as (USA) California Time.  
  NOTE: You can find the correct GMT number for any locality  
  at the following website http://wwp.GreenwichMeanTime.com  
  You can also find the correct GMT number for any locality by doing a Google search with the search phrase GMT locality. Specific examples of search phrases are GMT New York, GMT Tokyo Japan, GMT Rome Italy  
   
   
  To see if the Greenwich Mean Time is set correctly, left click on the link below  
  http://wwp.GreenwichMeanTime.com  
             
     
           
       
    Greenwich Mean Time is    
       
         
    GMT    
           
       
       
    GMT    
           
       
       
    GMT    
           
       
       
    GMT    
           
       
       
    GMT    
           
       
       
    GMT    
           
       
       
    GMT    
           
       
       
    GMT    
           
       
       
         
     
  Keep in mind, all of the above settings are based on the time for the summer months, which may change in some regions during the winter months. However all of the numbers and words in the white and yellow input boxes can be deleted. Thus, you can make any adjustments that are required for the winter months, and you can also enter any time zones and related settings for any locality on Earth.  
   
   
   
             
  Elapsed Timers  
             
  The following devices (18 to 29) are elapsed timers, which measure time with one or more of the following: hours, minutes, seconds, microseconds, milliseconds, nanoseconds, and picoseconds. The devices that use units of times smaller than one second, should be considered experimental, because I do not have the equipment to measure their accuracy.  
   
   
   
   
  To downloading practical versions of these devices go to the following website:  
    www.TechForText.com/Elapsed-Timers    
  To download the experimental versions go to the following website:  
  www.TechForText.com/Experimental-Elapsed-Timers  
             
             
      Device 18)      
  To use this elapse timer delete the time in the input box below, and then enter the start time, in this format HOUR: MINUTES AM or PM. For example, 10:35 AM. If the start date and/or start time is in the future, this device will display ############, until the precise start time and date are reached. Then it will start counting elapsed time from that point onward.  
   
   
   
    In this device, enter the time in MILITARY FORMAT, in the online JavaScript version. For example: 1:30 AM, in military format is 13:30 However, with the Excel version, you must enter the time in the conventional AM / PM format.    
       
       
       
      Enter Start Time      
           
             
      Enter Start Date      
           
    The start time and date you entered is:    
       
             
       
     
             
             
      Device 19)      
  To use this elapse timer delete the time in the input box below, and then enter the start date on the left, and the start time on the right. If the start date and/or start time is in the future, this device will display ############, until the precise start time and date are reached. Then it will start counting elapsed time from that point onward.  
   
   
   
             
  In this device, enter the time in MILITARY FORMAT, in the online JavaScript version. For example: 1:30 AM, in military format is 13:30 However, with the Excel version, you must enter the time in the conventional AM / PM format.  
   
   
  Start date: Start Time:    
             
  The start time you entered is  
       
     
             
             
             
      Device 20)      
  This device functions the same as above, (device 19) except it measures time in hours, and fractions of an hour, calculated to 10 decimal places. This device has an advantage over device 19, which is the functionality to provide a countdown to the designated start time. For example, if you set a start time, 24 hours in advance, you will see a countdown starting from -24 and the number will change to a positive number when the designated start time is reached. You can even set a designated start date, days, weeks, months, or even years, in advance, and this timing device will provide a precise countdown.  
   
   
   
  To use this elapse timer delete the time in the input box below, and  
  then enter the start date on the left, and the start time on the right.  
             
  In this device, enter the time in MILITARY FORMAT, in the online JavaScript version. For example: 1:30 AM, in military format is 13:30 However, with the Excel version, you must enter the time in the conventional AM / PM format.  
   
   
  Start date: Start Time:    
             
  The start time you entered is  
    The elapsed time is presented in hours, and    
  fractions of an hour in terms of decimals  
   
     
             
             
             
      Device 21)      
  This device is exactly like device 19, discussed above, except it measures elapsed time in minutes, and fractions of the minute, calculated to 11 decimal places.  
   
             
  In this device, enter the time in MILITARY FORMAT, in the online JavaScript version. For example: 1:30 AM, in military format is 13:30 However, with the Excel version, you must enter the time in the conventional AM / PM format.  
   
   
  Start date: Start Time:    
             
  The start time you entered is:  
    The elapsed time is presented in minutes, and    
  fractions of a minute in terms of decimals  
   
     
             
             
             
      Device 22)      
  This device is similar to device 19, discussed above, except it measures elapsed time in seconds, and fractions of the second, calculated to 9 decimal places.  
   
             
  In this device, enter the time in MILITARY FORMAT, in the online JavaScript version. For example: 1:30 AM, in military format is 13:30 However, with the Excel version, you must enter the time in the conventional AM / PM format.  
   
   
  Start date: Start Time:    
             
  The start time you entered is  
    The elapsed time is presented in seconds, and    
  fractions of a second in terms of decimals  
   
     
             
             
             
      Device 23)      
  This device is similar to device 19, discussed above, except it measures elapsed time in milliseconds, and fractions of a millisecond. A millisecond is 1000th of a second. Because I do not have equipment to measure milliseconds, I must consider this device experimental. However, in terms of 5000 milliseconds, or longer, I can easily see that it is accurate.  
   
   
             
             
  In this device, enter the time in MILITARY FORMAT, in the online JavaScript version. For example: 1:30 AM, in military format is 13:30 However, with the Excel version, you must enter the time in the conventional AM / PM format.  
   
   
  Start date: Start Time:    
             
  The start time you entered is  
  The elapsed time is presented in milliseconds,  
  and fractions of a millisecond in terms of decimals  
   
     
             
             
             
      Device 24)      
  This device is similar to device 19, discussed above, except it measures elapsed time in microseconds, and fractions of a microsecond. A microsecond is one-millionth of a second. Because I do not have equipment to measure microseconds, I must consider this device experimental. However, in terms of 5 million microseconds, or longer, I can easily see that it is accurate.  
   
   
   
   
   
             
  In this device, enter the time in MILITARY FORMAT, in the online JavaScript version. For example: 1:30 AM, in military format is 13:30 However, with the Excel version, you must enter the time in the conventional AM / PM format.  
   
   
  Start date: Start Time:    
             
  The start time you entered is  
  The elapsed time is presented in microseconds,  
  and fractions of a microsecond in terms of decimals  
   
     
             
             
             
      Device 25)      
  This device is similar to device 20, discussed above, except it measures elapsed time in nanoseconds, and fractions of a nanosecond. A nanoseconds is one billionth of a second. Because I do not have equipment to measure nanoseconds, I must consider this device experimental. However, in terms of 5 billion nanoseconds, or longer, I can easily see that it is accurate.  
   
   
   
   
   
             
  In this device, enter the time in MILITARY FORMAT, in the online JavaScript version. For example: 1:30 AM, in military format is 13:30 However, with the Excel version, you must enter the time in the conventional AM / PM format.  
   
   
  Start date: Start Time:    
             
  The start time you entered is  
  The elapsed time is presented in nanoseconds,  
  and fractions of a nanosecond in terms of decimals  
   
     
             
             
             
      Device 26)      
  This device is similar to device 19, discussed above, except it measures elapsed time in picoseconds. A picosecond is one trillionth of a second. Because I do not have equipment to measure picoseconds, I must consider this device experimental. However, in terms of 5 trillion picoseconds, or longer, I can easily see that it is accurate.  
   
   
   
   
             
  In this device, enter the time in MILITARY FORMAT, in the online JavaScript version. For example: 1:30 AM, in military format is 13:30 However, with the Excel version, you must enter the time in the conventional AM / PM format.  
   
   
  Start date: 6/25/2012 Start Time:    
             
  The start time you entered is  
     
  The elapsed time is presented in picoseconds  
   
     
  With my computer, I get readings down to approximately 100 picoseconds, with this device in the JavaScript format. With the Excel version I obtain readings down to approximately 1000 picoseconds. This of course, does not indicate whether or not the readings are accurate.  
   
   
             
             
             
      Device 27)      
  This device is a picosecond elapse timer, and it is similar to the device discussed above, with one major difference. This device has a built-in mechanism to help improve accuracy. That is in actual use of devices of this nature, the start and stop mechanism must be controlled electronically. This circuitry and the length of the wires can throw off the timing device by thousands of picoseconds. To correct this there is an input box to enter a correction factor, which is entered in terms of a positive or negative number of picoseconds. A positive number will increase the readout, and a negative number will decrease it.  
   
   
   
             
  In this device, enter the time in MILITARY FORMAT, in the online JavaScript version. For example: 1:30 AM, in military format is 13:30 However, with the Excel version, you must enter the time in the conventional AM / PM format.  
   
   
  Start date: Start Time:    
  In the white box below you can enter a negative or positive correction factor in picoseconds.  
       
  The start time you entered is  
  The elapsed time is presented in picoseconds  
   
     
             
 
             
  Project Timers and Calendars  
  The following four devices (30-32) perform timing and scheduling functions for projects, or one or more tasks or goals that are to be completed by a specified date. If you want practical versions of devices of this nature go to the following website:  
   
   
  www.TechForText.com/Project-Timers-and-Calendars  
             
             
      Device 28)      
  This device is a countdown timer in days. Specifically, it is intended for projects, where a specific number of days are scheduled to complete a task. Enter in the white box on the lower right, the date all of the work will be completed, ON OR BEFORE.  
   
   
  Delete the date in the white box below,and enter  
  the date that your project will be completed.  
             
  All of the work will be completed BEFORE the END of this date  
         
   
     
             
             
      Device 29)      
  This device is also a countdown timer for days, but it is more elaborate than the above. It has input boxes for the start date and end date of a project. It automatically calculates the percent of the project that should be completed by a given date. For example, if 10 days were scheduled for a project, 50% of the work should be completed by the fifth day. It also indicates how many days are remaining to complete the project.  
   
   
   
  To use this device, enter a start date for your project in the white input box on the left. Then enter the date when all of the work for the project will be completed, in the white input box on the right.  
   
   
  Below is the date that the project officially starts   The project will be completed BEFORE the end of this date  
     
  Start date =   End date =  
   
   
   
   
     
             
             
      Device 30)      
  This is a calendar planner for a 14 day project. Enter a start date in the white input box below in the form of Month/Day/Year, such as 6/24/2012. If the date is entered in any other format, the software will NOT function.  
   
   
         
   
   
  In the white boxes below, you can enter your sub-goals for the project.  
  You have 14 days to complete project  
  You have 13 days to complete project  
  You have 12 days to complete project  
  You have 11 days to complete project  
  You have 10 days to complete project  
  You have 9 days to complete project  
  You have 8 days to complete project  
  You have 7 days to complete project  
  You have 6 days to complete project  
  You have 5 days to complete project  
  You have 4 days to complete project  
  You have 3 days to complete project  
  You have 2 days to complete project  
  You have 1 day to complete project  
    This is the End Date. This means by the end of this day your project should be completed    
  Your project should be 100% completed before this day starts You have 0 days to complete project  
             
             
      Device 32)      
  This is a calendar planner for a 14 day project, and it is similar to the above except, it has a few additional features. It calculates day by day the percent of the time that remains to complete the project. It also calculates the percent of the project that should be completed on a daily basis.  
   
   
   
   
  Enter the start date of your 14 day project in the white box below.  
             
    Start date =    
   
  All work must be completed before the end of the above date  
   
   
   
     
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
     
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
     
   
  This is the End Date, and by the end of this day the project should be completed.  
  The project should be 100% completed before this day starts.